Endocrine Rx Flashcards by Gina Chen

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Lispro

1) Type I DM, Type II DM, gestational DM, life-threatening hyperkalemia, stress-induced hyperglycemia
2) Insulin/Bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)
- Liver: increase glucose stored as glycogen
- Muscle: increase glycogen and protien synthesis and K+ uptake
- Fat: aids in TG storage
3) Hypoglycemia, very rarely hypersensitivy rxns
4) Rapid-acting

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Aspart

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Glulisine

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Regular

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

NPH

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Glargine

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Detemir

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Metformin

1) First-line therapy in Type II DM, can be used in pts w/o islet function
2) Biguanide/ Exact MOA unknown –> decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)
3) GI upset, lactic acidosis (most serious)
4) Contraindicated in renal failure

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Tolbutamide

1) Type II DM –stimulate endogenous insulin release
2) Sulfonylureas (1st generation)/Close K+ channel in beta cell membrane so cell depolarizes –> triggers insulin release via Ca2+ influx
3) Disulfiram-like effects
4) Useless in Type I DM b/c requires some islet cell function

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Chlorpropamide

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Glyburide

1) Type II DM – stimulates endogenous insulin release
2) Sulfonylureas (2nd generation)/Close K+ channel in beta cell membrane so cell depolarizes –> triggers insulin release via Ca2+ influx
3) Hypoglycemia
4) Useless in Type I DM b/c requires some islet cell funciton

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Glimepiride

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Glipizide

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Pioglitazone

1) Monotherapy in Type II DM or in combination therapy
2) Glitazone/Thiazolidinedione: Incraeses insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue;, binds PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator
3) Weight gain, edema, hepatoxicity, heart failure

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Rosiglitazone

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1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Acarbose

1) Monotherapy in Type II DM, or in combination therapy
2) Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitor/ Inhibits intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases –> get delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption
- decreases postprandial hyperglycemia
3) GI disturbances

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Miglitol

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Pramlinitide

1) Type I and II DM
2) Amylin Analog/ Decreases glucagon
3) Hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Exenatide

1) Type II DM
2) GLP-1 Analog/ Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release
3) Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Liraglutide

1) Type II DM
2) GLP-1 Analog/ Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release
3) Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Linagliptin

1) Type II DM
2) DPP-4 Inhibitors/ Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release
3) Mild urinary or respiratory infections

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Saxagliptin

1) Type II DM
2) DPP-4 Inhibitors/ Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release
3) Mild urinary or respiratory infections

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Sitagliptin

1) Type II DM
2) DPP-4 Inhibitors/ Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release
3) Mild urinary or respiratory infections

1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note

Propylthiouracil

1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Block peroxidase inhibiting organificatoin of iodide anda coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis
- also blocks 5’-deiodinase –> decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T5
3) Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Methimazole

1) Hyperthyroidism 2) Block peroxidase inhibiting organificatoin of iodide anda coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis 3) Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia 4) Possible teratogen

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Levothyroxine

1) Hypothyroidism, myxedema 2) THyroxine replacement 3) Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Triiodothyronine

1) Hypothyroidism, myxedema 2) THyroxine replacement 3) Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note GH

1)GH deficiency, Turner's Syndrome

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Somatostatin (octretodie)

1)Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, espohageal varices

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Oxytocin

1)Stimulate labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down, controls uterine hemorrhage

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note ADH (Desmopressin)

1)Central DI

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Demeclocycline

1) SIADH 2) Tetracycline/ ADH antagonist 3) Nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Hydrocortisone

1) Addison's Disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma 2) Glucocorticoid/Decrease production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and COX-2 expression 3) Iatrogenic Cushing's --> buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thin skin, bruise easily, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcers, DM (if chronic) 4) Can see adrenal insufficiency when drug is stopped abruptly after chronic use

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Prednisone

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Triamcinolone

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Dexamethasone

# 1) uses 2) class/ MOA 3) ADE 4)Fun fact/note Beclomethasone