Endocrine System Flashcards by Natalia Delgado

What is the endocrine systems primary means of travel?

the blood

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How does the endocrine system regulate other organ systems?

by maintaining homeostasis

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What type of response system is the endocrine system?

slow response system

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what are the two liquid tissues of the body?

blood and cerebrospinal fluid

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what two systems does blood link?

endocrine and cardiovascular system

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What other system does the endocrine system work with?

nervous system

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How do the endocrine and nervous system differ?

The endocrine system brings about its effects via the secretion of hormones into the blood stream and the nervous system uses action potentials and release neurotransmitters

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hormones

middle managers

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endocrine glands

bosses

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other cells

workers

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What endocrine glands secrete hormones as their primary function?

hypothalamus, pituitary glands, pineal glands, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

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What organs secrete hormones as their secondary function?

heart, adipose tissues, kidneys, and the stomach

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what is known as the neuroendocrine organ?

the hypothalamus

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what can the hypothalamus be likened to?

endocrine system chief executor

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The hypothalamus works close with?

the pituitary gland

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What is the pituitary gland attached to?

infundibulum

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What are the two seperate structures of the pituitary gland?

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

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What are the posterior pituitary/neuropypophysis composed of?

nervous tissue instead of glandular tissue

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What two types of hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

inhibiting and releasing hormones

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What do the hormones the hypothalamus produce stimulate?

secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

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How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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What does oxytocin do?

triggers uterine contraction and milk ejection from the mammary gland

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What does antidiuretic hormone do?

causes water retention from the kidneys

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What type of hormones does the anterior pituitary gland mostly produce?

tropic hormones

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Examples of tropic hormones (anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis)

Thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

What does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

stimulates growth of and secretion from the thyroid

what does prolactin do?

stimulates milk production from mammary glands

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

stimulates secretion from the adrenal cortex

What are the two reproductive hormones?

luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone which primarily affect the testes and ovaries

What does growth hormone do?

increases rate of cell division and protein synthesis in all tissues and has both tropic and nontropic affects

What does the posterior pituitary gland store?

ADH and oxytocin

What does the pineal gland secrete?

melatonin

What is the thin band called that connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?

isthmus

What is the isthmus composed of?

hollow spheres called thyroid follicles

What are the cells called that line the thyroid follicles?

follicle cells

what do follicle cells suround?

colloid

triiodothyronine

thyroxine

What is located between follicles and what does it produce?

parafollicualr cells that produce calcitonin

What does calcitonin do?

plays a role in calcium ion homeostasis

What does parathyroid hormone do?

main hormone in the body that maintains calcium ion homeostasis

What is the difference between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone?

Calcitonin is secreted when calcium ion levels in the blood rise; parathyroid hormone is secreted when there is a decreased level of calcium ions in the blood

What do thymosin and thymopoietin do?

stimulate the development of T lymphocytes

What two seperate structures make up the adrenal gland?

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

What type of hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

steroid hormones

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

mineralocorticoids

What does aldosterone do?

regulate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

glucocorticoids

What does cortisol (glucocorticoids) do?

regulates the stress response, blood glucose, fluid homeostasis and inflammation

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)

What carries out the pancreas's exocrine functions?

pancreatic acini

What carries out the pancreas's endocrine functions?

pancreatic islets

What do the pancreatic islets secrete?

insulin and glucagon

what produces insulin?

beta cells of pancreas

What does insulin do?

lowers blood glucose levels

What produces glucagon?

alpha cells of pancreas

What does glucagon do?

raises blood glucose levels

What produces testosterone?

The interstitial cells of the testes

What does testosterone do?

promotes the production of sperm and the development of msle secondary sex characteristics (deeper voice, greater bone, muscle mass, and facial hair)

What does estrogen do?

plays a role in the development of oocytes (female gametes) and female secondary sex characteristics (breasts and subcutaneous fat stores)

What does progesterone do?

number of effects that prepares the body for pregnancy

Characteristics of the nervous system functions

directly effect target cells, immediate but short in duration

Characteristics of endocrine system functions

act on distant targets, not immediate, longer lasting

How do hormones regulate the process of other cells?

production of enzymes or other hormones, changing the metabolic rate of a cell, altering permeability of the plasma membrane

Where is the hypothalamus located?

inferior part of diencephalon

What is the anterior pituitary gland composed of?

glandular epithelium

Explain how the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system works

releasing and inhibiting hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons after they travel through small veins in the infundibulum, enter a second capillary bed in anterior pituitary where they exit the blood and interact with anterior pituitary cells to influence their functions

What hormones does the hypothalamus make?

made in hypothalamic neurons, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Characteristics of colloid

gelatinous, iodine rich

What does the thryoid produce?

thyroxine, triiodothyronine

Antagonist hormones

calcitonin and PTH insulin and glucagon

Examples of mineralcorticoids

aldosterone

example of glucocorticoids

cortisol

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

gonadocorticoids

Endocrine System Flashcards

(74 cards)