Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

Answer 1

breathing and the exchange of gases that allow respiration to occur at the cellular level

Question 2

what is another name for breathing?

Answer 2

ventilation

Question 3

what is breathing?

Answer 3

mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 4

What is exchanged between the lungs and blood?

Answer 4

gases, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 5

Where does blood transport oxygen?

Answer 5

to the tissues where the cells. use oxygen for respiration

Question 6

what is respiration?

Answer 6

the chemical process of using oxygen to produce energy

Question 7

what is a waste product of the respiratory process?

Answer 7

carbon dioxide

Question 8

What happens to carbon dioxide after the respiratory process?

Answer 8

it is taken up from the tissues into the blood and transported back to the lungs to be exhaled back into the environment

Question 9

what are the 6 organs of the respiratory system?

Answer 9

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 10

What is the upper respiratory tract composed of?

Answer 10

-organs in the head and neck
-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 11

What is the lower respiratory tract composed of?

Answer 11

-organs of the thorax
-trachea through lungs

Question 12

what is the conducting division?

Answer 12

all cavities and structures (nostrils to bronchioles) that allow for air into and from the alveoli

Question 13

What is the respiratory division?

Answer 13

gas exchanging surfaces at the level of the alveoli

Question 14

What are the functions of the nose?

Answer 14

-to warms cleanse and humidify inhaled air
-to detect odors (through olfactory receptors)
-as a resonating chamber that amplifies voice

Question 15

Where are olfactory receptors located?

Answer 15

cribriform plate

Question 16

What are the structures of the nose?

Answer 16

-superior half
-inferior half
-ala nasi

Question 17

What does the superior half of the nose contain?

Answer 17

nasal bones

Question 18

What does the inferior half of the nose contain?

Answer 18

lateral and alar cartilage

Question 19

What does the ala nasi portion of the nose contain?

Answer 19

flared portion shaped by dense connective tissue that forms the lateral wall of each nostril

Question 20

What does the nasal conducting zone begin with and consist of?

Answer 20

Begins in the nasal cavity and consists of the nasal conchae and nasal meatus

Question 21

How many folds of tissue are on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

what do the tissue folds on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa do?

Answer 22

help to increase the surface area for the incoming air

Question 23

What are the folds in the nasal fossa lined with?

Answer 23

mucous membranes

Question 24

What do the mucous membranes in the nasal fossa do?

Answer 24

help sense the odors and trap air particles/pathogens

Question 25

Where is the olfactory mucosa?

Answer 25

roof of nasal fossa

Question 26

what does the olfactory mucosa do?

Answer 26

its mucous helps dissolve gaseous odors for binding onto the chemosensory olfactory neurons

Question 27

where is the respiratory mucosa?

Answer 27

lines the rest of the nasal cavity

Question 28

What epithelium is the respiratory mucosa?

Answer 28

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

Question 29

what is the nasal meatus?

Answer 29

narrow air passages beneath each concha

Question 30

What does the nasal meatus do?

Answer 30

ensure that air comes into contact with mucous membranes

Question 31

Where does air go after the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

pharynx

Question 32

What is another name for the pharynx?

Answer 32

throat

Question 33

What are the three areas of the pharynx?

Answer 33

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 34

Where is the Nasopahrynx?

Answer 34

transition between nasal cavity and the pharynx

Question 35

Where is the uvula found?

Answer 35

nasopharynx

Question 36

What does the uvula do?

Answer 36

prevent food from entering the nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 37

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 37

transitional region between the oral cavity and pharynx that comes into contact with air and food

Question 38

What is the oropharynx lined with?

Answer 38

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

Where are the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils located?

Answer 39

-space between the soft palate and root of the tongue -can extend as far as hyoid bone

Question 40

Where is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 40

-transition between the pharynx and the area of bifurcation between the larynx and esophagus -region between hyoid bone and level of cricoid cartilage

Question 41

What is laryngopharynx lined with?

Answer 41

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 42

what comes after the pharynx?

Answer 42

larynx

Question 43

What is the larynx outlined by?

Answer 43

hyoid bone and nine cartilages

Question 44

where is the glottis?

Answer 44

-inferior to the epiglottis -vocal cords and openings between

Question 45

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 45

flap of tissue that guards the glottis and directs food and drink to the esophagus and NOT the trachea

Question 46

What is the difference between and adult and infant larynx?

Answer 46

infants lies higher to allow breathing while swallowing

Question 47

What are the nine cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 47

-epiglottis cartilage -thyroid cartilage -cricoid cartilage -arytenoid cartilages (2) -corniculate cartilages (2) -cuneiform cartilages (2)

Question 48

Where is the epiglottis cartilage and what does it make up?

Answer 48

most superior and makes up the epiglottis

Question 49

What are characteristic of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 49

-largest -laryngeal prominence forms here -more prominent in men which results in a deeper voice

Question 50

Where is the arytenoid cartilage located?

Answer 50

posterior to thyroid cartilage

Question 51

Where is the corniculate cartilage located?

Answer 51

attaches to arytenoid cartilage (like a pair of horns)

Question 52

What does the cuneiform cartilage do?

Answer 52

supports soft tissue between arytenoids and epiglottis

Question 53

What are the two folds on the walls of the larynx?

Answer 53

vestibular folds and vocal cords

Question 54

What is another name for vestibular folds?

Answer 54

false vocal cords

Question 55

where are the vestibular folds located?

Answer 55

superior to vocal folds

Question 56

What do the vestibular folds do?

Answer 56

help to close glottis during swallowing

Question 57

What is another name for the vocal cords?

Answer 57

true vocal cords

Question 58

What do the vocal cords do?

Answer 58

produce sound

Question 59

Where does air go after the larynx?

Answer 59

trachea

Question 60

What are characteristics of the trachea?

Answer 60

rigid tube extending about 4.5 inches long and 2.5 inches in diameter

Question 61

Where is the trachea located?

Answer 61

anterior to the esophagus

Question 62

What is the trachea supported by?

Answer 62

16-10 C-shaped cartilaginous rings

Question 63

Where do the openings to the cartilaginous rings of the trachea face?

Answer 63

posterior towards the esophagus

Question 64

What does the trachealis muscle allow?

Answer 64

adjustments in airflow by expanding or contracting

Question 65

What is the trachea lined with?

Answer 65

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 66

What is the function of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the trachea?

Answer 66

functions as mucociliary escalatory to bring the mucous to the oropharynx where it can be expelled or swallowed

Question 67

where is the carnia located?

Answer 67

where the primary/main bronchi form

Question 68

What does the main (primary) bronchi begin?

Answer 68

branching of the bronchial tree

Question 69

What do the main bronchi divide into?

Answer 69

second bronchi

Question 70

How many secondary bronchi are in the left lung?

Answer 70

two

Question 71

How many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

Answer 71

three

Question 72

What do the secondary bronchi serve?

Answer 72

their respective lobes

Question 73

What do the secondary bronchi split into?

Answer 73

tertiary bronchi

Question 74

What do the tertiary bronchi split into?

Answer 74

quaternary bronchi

Question 75

When are air passages considered bronchioles?

Answer 75

when air passages are 1 mm thick and lack cartilage

Question 76

When are air passages considered terminal bronchioles?

Answer 76

when they are 0.5mm in diameter

Question 77

What do terminal bronchioles represent?

Answer 77

end of the conducting division of the respiratory system

Question 78

What do the respiratory bronchioles begin?

Answer 78

respiratory division of the respiratory system

Question 79

What does the respiratory division end as?

Answer 79

alveolar sacs

Question 80

What are alveoli surrounded by?

Answer 80

Capillary networks that place the red blood cells in close proximity to the air within the alveoli

Question 81

How many lobes do the lungs have?

Answer 81

5 (3 right, 2 left)

Question 82

What are the lungs surrounded by?

Answer 82

pleural membrane

Question 83

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 83

outer layer that lines the interior of the thoracic cavity and superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 84

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 84

the inner layer that comes into direct contact with the lungs

Question 85

What does the space between the visceral and parietal pleura that is filled with fluid do?

Answer 85

-reduce friction -create a pressure gradient (lower pressures assist in lung inflation) -compartmentalization (to prevent the spread of infections)

Question 86

What does the medial side of the lungs contain?

Answer 86

hilum

Question 87

What is the hilum?

Answer 87

location where the primary bronchi, pulmonary artery and vein, afferent and efferent nerves, hilar lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the lungs