Endocrine System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are hormones?
They are chemical signals that travel through the blood and the lymph
What are the different kinds of intercellular communication?
The direct and Paracrine communication
What is direct communication?
It’s the exchange of ions and molecules between adjacent cells across a gap junction
And It occurs between cells of the same type and is high specialized and relatively rare
What is Paracrine communication?
It is the common type of intercellular communication and releases chemicals from cell to cell within a single tissue and also releases cytokines which cause inflammation in the area and the neurotransmitter at the synapse
What do cytokines do?
They cause inflammation response to the area
What is Autocrine communication?
This signaling occurs solely in the cytoplasm and or cell where the chemically releases interacts with a receptorbon the surface of the same cell
What is the endocrine communication?
This is where hormones are released into the bloodstream and that it changes the metabolic tissues and organs simultaneously
What are the importance of Hormones?
They basically synthesize enzymes or structural proteins
Increase or decrease the rate of synthesis
Turn existing membrane or enzymes off or on
What are the divisions of hormones?
Peptide hormones
Lipid and Amino acid derivatives
What happens to free hormones?
They are broken down by enzymes in the plasma or insitital fluid
They diffuse out of the bloodstream to bind to receptors on target organs
Broken down and absorbed in the liver or kidney
What is negative feedback?
When the original stimulus is shut down or reduced
What is negative feedback ?
When the response negates the stimulus to bring it back to normal
What is positive feedback?
When the response increases change of stimulus to bring it back to normal
What is the Regulation of blood volume by ADH?
What happens is that receptors detect a decrease in blood volume and stimulate the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus to secrete ADH which will then cause kidneys to return more water yo the blood volume
What are endocrine reflexes triggered by?
Humoral stimuli
Change in composition of extracellular fluid
The arrival or removal of hormones
Hormonal
Neural stimuli Arrival of NT at neurograndular junctions
What is humoral stimuli?
The changing in blood levels of ions and nutrients are directly stimulates secretion of hormones j
What is hormonal stimuli?
Hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones
What is neural stimuli?
Nerve fibers stimulate hormones release
What are the two classes of Hypthalamic Hormones?
Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones
What is growth hormone?
Produced by somatotrophs
Targets bone and skeletal muscles
Promotes protein synthesis and uses fats for fuel
Most effects are mediated indirectly by insulin like growth factors (elevates blood glucose by decreasing glucose intake and encourages glucose breakdown
What does hypersecretion and hyposecretion of growth hormone do?
Hyper-Gigantism in children
And acromegaly in adults
Hypo-Dwarfism
What is Thyroid stimulating hormone?
Stimulated by thyrotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland
Regulates the stimulation of the thyroid gland
What is the regulation of TSH release?
Is is stimulated by the thyrotropin releasing hormone
And inhibited by the rising blood levels of the thyroid gland
What are the homeostasic imbalances of the Thyroid hormones?
Hypersecretion in adults-Myexedema,endemic goiter if due to lack of iron
Hyposecretion in infants cretinism
Hyoersecretion -Graves disease
