Exam Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are parts of the brain?
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Diencepalon
Cerebrum
What makes up the diencephalon?
The thalamus -Largest part,most sensory input actions take place here abd can influence mood such as rage or fear
,subthalamus-Controls the motor functions
,epithalamus -Contains the pineal gland which might affect the sleep wake cycle
hypothalamus -Regulates food and water intake,regulates temperature,muscle control,ANS control
What makes up the brain stem?And their function
Midbrain
-Its an integral part of the auditory system in the CNS
Pons
-Regulates sleep and Respiratory system
Medulla oblongata
-It regulates the involuntary actions such as swallowing,heat rate,heart beat,vomiting,sneezing
What is the function of the cerebellum?
To control fine motor coordination,balance and locomotion
What are the components of the cerebrum?
It is the largest part of the brain
It a left and right hemisphere
Lobes -Insula,occipital,temporal,parietal abd frontal
*The Cortex and the Medulla
What is the difference between the basal nuclei and the limbic system?
The basal nuclei is for motor function control whereas the limbic system is for memory,survival and emotions
What are the meninges ?
They are connective tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
The Dura mater-“Hard” therefore it’s the outer layer of the meninges
Subdural space-Contains serous fluid
The subarachnoid mater-Spider like layer
Subarachnoid space-Contains cerebrospinal fluid
Pia mater-Softer layer
Epidural space-Where anesthesia can be injected
What are The ventricles?
There’s a lateral,3rd ventricle and fourth ventricle
The choroid plexus secretes cerebrospinal fluid which fills these ventricles and the ependymal cells produces the CSF
Why don’t certain substances pass between but through the blood csf barrier?
There are tight junctions of the brains endothelial cells
What are the characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid?
It is similar to serum , but most if it’s proteins removed
It bathes the brain and spinal cord
It’s like a protective cushion around the CNS
What is the organization of Grey and white matter in the spinal cord?
Grey matter
Made up of unmyelinated axons and is at the centre of the spinal cord surrounded by white matter
(myelinated axons)
(Sidenote Grey matter is in the cerebrum/cerebellum of the brain)
What is the phenomenon of white and Grey matter?
White matter has its white colour due to fats(phosopholipids ) along with myelinated axonal fibres and the Grey matter contains unmyelinated fibers and cell body of neuron which contains The darkly stained nucleus which contain dense DNA giving it its Grey colour
What are the components of the blood brain barrier?
Capillary endothelial cells along with astrocytes and the basement membrane are involved and the endothelial cells regulate salutes and ions into and out the brain and is considered when developing drugs
What is the neuromuscular unit and it’s relationship with the BBB?
The NVU basically contains the endothelial cells which control substances into and out of the BBB,also contains pericytes wich control the capillary diameter,blood flow and capillary permeability along with astrocytes which are foot like processes which cover the outer surface of the brain capillary and regulate function of the endothelial cells
What is the diffrence between and ischeamic and hemorrhagic stroke?
Ischeamic stroke is caused by an obstruction of a blood vessel and then hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a weakened vessel rupturing and sometimes in common cases caused by uncontrolled hypertension
What are nerves?
They are distinct extensions of the cns and occur in the brain and spinal cord sometimes the nerve fibers are grouped to form tracts and nerve fibers are simply axons of neurons
