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Bio 151 > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

predator and prey endocrine system connection

A

flight or flight response governed by hormones

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2
Q

endocrine system

A

internal secretion
*hormones

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3
Q

paracrine system

A

regional signaling; ex. between organs in GI tract

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4
Q

autocrine system

A

self secretion signaling between cells; ex immune system

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5
Q

exocrine system

A

external secretion; pheromones

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6
Q

2 types of hormones

A

hydrophobic and hydrophilic

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7
Q

hydrophilic hormones

A

require cell surface receptor
*peptide hormones (oxytocin, ADH)
*amine hormones (derived from amino acids)

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8
Q

hydrophobic hormones

A

hormone receptor complex in cytoplasm bc can cross lipid bilayer easily
*steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, cholesterol)
- corticosteroids and sex steroids

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9
Q

differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic hormones

A
  • abundance (hydrophilic more abundant)
  • how they enter cell
    -signaling time
    -effect lasting time
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10
Q

which type of hormone last longer

A

hydrophobic
*therefore broader impact

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11
Q

which type of hormone response is quicker

A

hydrophillic

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12
Q

hypothalamus role in endocrine system

A

releasing factors to pituitary gland

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13
Q

pituitary gland targets

A

thyroid, adrenal glands (only in endocrine system)
lungs, kidneys, digestive tract

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14
Q

posterior pituitary gland

A

hormones made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior, neurons in hypothalamus signal release

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15
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

neurons in the hypothalamus signal releasing factor to create and release more hormones

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16
Q

pituitary targets that ONLY function as part of endocrine system

A

thyroid, adrenal glands

17
Q

pituitary targets that have endocrine AND other functions

A

lungs, kidneys, digestive tract

18
Q

hypothalmus function

A

transmit signals (release factors) to pituitary gland; neurosecretory cells -> releasing hormones

19
Q

tropic hormones

A

hormones that control the release of other hormones:
FSH, LH, ACTH, thyroid stimulating hormone

20
Q

FSH and LH

A

ovaries release estrogen and testes produce testosterone

21
Q

ACTH

A

adrenal glands release cortisol

22
Q

direct hormones and functions

A
  • prolactin: stimulate lactation
  • endorphins
  • growth hormone
23
Q

posterior pituitary gland hormones (stores)

A

oxytocin and ADH/ vasopressin

24
Q

oxytocin function

A
  • female reproductive
  • contractions during birth
25
Q

Vasopressin function

A
  • kidneys (conc of urine)
  • maintain water and solute balance
26
Q

how are stored hormones released from posterior pituitary gland

A

stores in axons from the hypothalamus -> release hormones into capillary beds to body

27
Q

high blood sugar negative feedback

A

high blood glucose -> beta cells in pancreas secrete insulin (hormone) -> glucose stored as glycogen

28
Q

low blood sugar negative feedback

A

alpha cells from pancreas secrete hormone glucagon -> glycogen to glucose for energy

29
Q

what hormone released when blood sugar is high

A

insulin

30
Q

what hormone released when blood sugar is low

A

glucagon

31
Q

how is stress amplified by the ES

A

Hypothalamus 1 mg corticotropin releasing factor -> anterior pituitary gland (1 mg hormone) -> adrenal cortex (40 mg cortisol) -> liver (5600 mg glycogen)
* gives body energy for survival

32
Q

what kind of feedback is amplification

A

positive feedback

33
Q

positive feedback: birth

A

head pushes against cervix -> hypothalamus -> pituitary gland release oxytocin -> oxytocin stimulates contractions -> cycle

34
Q

pheromone functions in animals (3)

A
  • signal readiness for reproduction (ex. ladybugs)
  • marking territory (ex. dogs and wolves)
  • alert colony of food (ex. ants)
35
Q

trail pheromones

A

alert other soil insects of food nearby

Bio 151 (7 decks)

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