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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

allows cells to communicate with each other

A

chemical messenger

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2
Q

stimulates the cell that originally secreted it

A

autocrine

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3
Q

secreted by neurons

A

neurotransmitters

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4
Q

local messengers secreted by one cell type

A

paracrine

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5
Q

secreted into bloodstream

A

endocrine

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6
Q

what does endocrine system secreted?

A

hormones

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7
Q

large molecules diffuse from blood into tissue slowly

a. protein
b. steroid hormone
c. thyroid hormone
d. fats

A

a. protein

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8
Q

small molecules attached to binding proteins for transport

a. thyroid hormone
b. peptide
c. amino acids

A

a. thyroid hormone

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9
Q

stimulated by action potential, releasing neurotransmitter from neurons

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

b. neural stimuli

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10
Q

Refer to the regulation of hormone release in response to changes in the blood’s levels of certain ions or nutrients.

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

a. humoral stimuli

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11
Q

Hormone is secreted to stimulates the secretion of other hormones

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

c. hormonal stimuli

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12
Q

prevent hormone secretion once a set point is achieved

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback

A

b. negative feedback

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13
Q

the stimulation of hormone secretion increases over time

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback

A

a. positive feedback

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14
Q

proteins where hormones bind

A

receptor

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15
Q

location on cell where hormones bind

A

receptor site

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16
Q

found in cell nucleus where the lipid-soluble hormones bind

a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor

A

a. nuclear receptor

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17
Q

found in the cell surface where water-soluble hormones bind

a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor

A

b. membrane-bound receptors

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18
Q

Small glands that rest in sella turcica which is controlled by hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

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19
Q

Secretion are controlled by hormones that pass through hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Anterior pituarity

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20
Q

Hormones secreted are controlled by action potentials carried by axons that pass from hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary

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21
Q

Made up of two lobes connected by isthmus

A

Thyroid gland

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22
Q

What are the hormones of thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

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23
Q

Enlargement of thyroid gland, can develop from too low iodine

A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema

A

A. Goiter

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24
Q

Hypothyroidism that occurs in infant which is characterized by mental retardation and abnormally formed skeletal structure

A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema

A

B. Cretinism

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25
Accumulation of fluid and other molecules in subcutaneous tissue of the skin A. Goiter B. Cretinism C. Myxedema
C. Myxedema
26
An autoimmune disease causes hyperthyroidism. Occurs when immune system produces abnormal proteins A. Goiter B. Grave disease C. Exopthalmos
B. Grave disease
27
Bulging of the eye associated with grave's disease A. Goiter B. Grave disease C. Exopthalmos
C. Exopthalamos
28
Four tiny gland embedded in posterior wall of thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
29
Abnormally high rate of PTH secretion
Hyperparathyroidism
30
Abnormally low rate of PTH secretion
Hypoparathyroidism
31
two small glands located superior to the kidney
adrenal gland
32
what is the hormone of adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
33
what is the hormone of adrenal cortex?
aldosterone, cortisol, adrenal androgen
34
increases cardiac output, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle and heart a. epinephrine b. aldosterone c. cortisol d. adrenal androgen
a. epinephrine
35
increases fat and protein breakdown a. epinephrine b. aldosterone c. cortisol d. adrenal androgen
c. cortisol
36
increases rate of sodium transport into the body a. epinephrine b. aldosterone c. cortisol d. adrenal androgen
b. aldosterone
37
insignificant in male, increases female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair a. epinephrine b. aldosterone c. cortisol d. adrenal androgen
d. adrenal androgen
38
increases rate of bone breakdown a. parathyroid hormone b. cretonin c. thyroid hormone
a. parathyroid hormone
39
increases metabolic rate a. parathyroid hormone b. cretonin c. thyroid hormone
c. thyroid hormone
40
decreases rate of bone breakdown a. parathyroid hormone b. cretonin c. thyroid hormone
b. cretonin
41
has a lot of pancreatic islets
pancreas
42
secrete glucagon a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. delta cells
a. alpha cells
43
secrete somatostatin a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. delta cells
c. delta cells
44
secrete insulin a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. delta cells
b. beta cells
45
what is the hormone of pancreas?
insulin and glucagon
46
increase uptake and use of glucose and amino acids a. insulin b. glucagon
a. insulin
47
increase breakdown of glycogen a. insulin b. glucagon
b. glucagon
48
response to food intake a. insulin b. glucagon c. somatostatin
c. somatostatin
49
reduced pH of body fluid a. acidosis b. hyperglycemia c. diabetes mellitus
a. acidosis
50
inability to regulate blood glucose levels; results in exaggerated appetite, excess urine production, dehydration, thirst and fatigue a. acidosis b. hyperglycemia c. diabetes mellitus
c. diabetes mellitus
51
very high blood glucose levels a. acidosis b. hyperglycemia c. diabetes mellitus
b. hyperglycemia
52
occurs when too little insulin is secreted in pancreas a. type 1 DM b. type 2 DM c. insulin shock
a. type 1 DM
53
too much insulin is present in blood a. type 1 DM b. type 2 DM c. insulin shock
c. insulin shock
54
cause by either few insulin receptors or defective receptors a. type 1 DM b. type 2 DM c. insulin shock
b. type 2 DM
55
what is the hormone of testes?
testosterone
56
what is the hormone of ovaries?
estrogens and progesterone
57
hormones of uterus, ovaries
prostaglandins
58
aids in sperm cell production a. testosterone b. estrogen c. prostaglandins
a. testosterone
59
aids in uterine and mammary gland a. testosterone b. estrogen c. prostaglandins
b. estrogen
60
lies in the upper part of the thorax
thymus
61
located in thalamus
pineal gland
62
hormones of thymus?
thymosin
63
hormones of pineal gland?
melatonin

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