NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards by Bea Sarona

the membrane of the dendrites or elector cell

postsynaptic membrane

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the end of the axon

presynaptic terminal

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a space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane

synaptic cleft

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the fundamental unit of nervous system because it is capable of receiving stimulus and yielding a response

reflex arc

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pick up the stimulus

a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons

a. sensory receptors

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are sensory located between and communicating with other neuron; process the stimulus

a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons

c, interneuron

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send stimulus to interneuron in spinal cord

a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons

b. sensory neuron

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send response to effector

a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons

d. motor neurons

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occurs when local potential overlap in time

a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation

b. temporal summation

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occurs when local potential originate in different location

a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation

a. spatial summation

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allows information transmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into a single pathway

a. converging pathway
b. diverging pathway

a. converging pathway

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allows information to diverge in two or more pathway

a. converging pathway
b. diverging pathway

b. diverging pathway

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extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull

spinal cord

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consists of myelinated axons; located at the superficial portion

a. white matter
b. grey matter

a. white matter

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collection of neuron cell bodies, shaped like the letter H

a. white matter
b. grey matter

b. grey matter

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fluid-filled space in the center of the spinal cord

a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal

d. central canal

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contains axon

a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal

a. posterior horn

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contains somatic neuron

a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal

b. anterior horn

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contains autonomic nervous system

a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal

c. lateral horn

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columns of the spinal cord that consists of axons that conduct action potential towards the brain

a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts

a. ascending tracts

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columns of the spinal cord that consists of axons that conduct action potential away from the brain

a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts

b. descending tracts

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conducts action potential from sensory receptors to CNS

a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron

a. sensory division

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transmits action potential from CNS toward the periphery

a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron

d. motor neuron

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conducts action potential from CNS to effector organ

a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron

c. motor division

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transmits action potential from the periphery to CNS a. sensory division b. sensory neuron c. motor division d. motor neuron

b. sensory neuron

Connect the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain A. Brainstem B. Diencephalon C. Cerebellum D. Cerebrum

A. Brainstem

Function: coordinated eye movement, control pupil diameter and lens shape A. Medulla oblongata B. Pons C. Midbrain

C. Midbrain

Major relay centers for auditory nerve pathway in CNS A. Inferior collicoli B. Superior collicoli D. Substantia nigra

A. inferior collicoli

Involved in visual reflex and receive touch A. Inferior collicoli B. Superior collicoli D. Substantia nigra

B. Superior collicoli

Black nuclear mass that is involved in regulating general body movement A. Inferior collicoli B. Superior collicoli D. Substantia nigra

D. Substantia nigra

Function: regulates heart rate, blood vessels, breathing, swallowing, vomitting A. Medulla oblongata B. Pons C. Midbrain

A. Medulla oblongata

Function: serve as a functional bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum A. Medulla oblongata B. Pons C. Midbrain

B. Pons

Conducts action potential from sensory receptors to the CNS A. Sensory divison B. Sensory neurons C. Motor division D. Motor neurons

A. Sensory divisions

Conduct action potential from the CNS to effector organ A. Sensory divison B. Sensory neurons C. Motor division D. Motor neurons

D. Motor division

Transmits action potential from the periphery to CNS A. Sensory divison B. Sensory neurons C. Motor division D. Motor neurons

B. Sensory neurons

Transmits action potential fron CNS toward the periphery A. Sensory divison B. Sensory neurons C. Motor division D. Motor neurons

D. Motor neurons

Transmits action potenti from CNS to skeletal muscle A. Somatic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Sympathetic division D. Parasympathetic division

A. Somatic nervous system

Transmits action potential from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands A. Somatic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Sympathetic division D. Parasympathetic division

B. Autonomic nervous system

Take care of the rest and digest activities A. Somatic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Sympathetic division D. Parasympathetic division

D. Parasympathetic division

The fight or flight response A. Somatic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Sympathetic division D. Parasympathetic division

C. Sympathetic division

Contains a single nucles; process the stimulus A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Axob

A. Cell body

Long cell process extending from the neuron cell body; transmits the stimulus A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Axon

C. Axon

Are short, often highly branching cytoplasmic extension thay are tapered from their bases at the neuron cell body to their tips. Receive information from other neurons A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Axon

B. Dendrites

TYPE OF NEURON: Many dendrite and one axon A. Multipolar B. Bipolar C. Pseudo-uni polar

A. Multipolar

TYPE OF NEURON: Appears to have a single axon A. Multipolar B. Bipolar C. Pseudo-uni polar

C. Pseudo-uni polar

TYPE OF NEURON: one dendrite and one axon A. Multipolar B. Bipolar C. Pseudo-uni polar

B. Bipolar

Enclose unmyelinated axons from CNS

Oligodendrocytes

enclose unmyelinated axons from PNS

schwann cells

are opened by neurotransmitters

chemically gated channel

are always open

leak channel

closed until opened by specific signal

gated channel

are opened by a charge in membrane potential

voltage gated channel

voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell

depolarization

voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing the potassium ions to exit the cell

repolarization

involved in olfactory and auditory sensations a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe e. insula lobe

b, temporal lobe

virtual in control of voluntary motor functions, motivations, aggression, mood and olfactory reception a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe e. insula lobe

a. frontal lobe

principal center of receiving and consciously perceiving information sensory information such as touch, pain, temperature, balance a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe e. insula lobe

c. parietal lobe

functions in receiving and perceiving visual input a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe e. insula lobe

d. occipital lobe

visible swelling on posterior part of hypothalamus that are involved in emotional and response to odor

mammillary gland

pathways that transmits information via action potential a. ascending tracts b. descending tracts

a. ascending tracts

transmits proprioception, pressure, vibration a. spinothalamic b. dorsal column d. spinocerebellar

a. dorsal column

transmits proprioception to cerebellum a. spinothalamic b. dorsal column d. spinocerebellar

d. spinocerebellar

transmits pain, temperature, pressure a. spinothalamic b. dorsal column d. spinocerebellar

a. spinothalamic

Two motor neurons involved in involuntary movement

upper and lower motor neurons

have cell bodies in anterior horn a. upper motor neuron b. lower motor neuron

b. lower motor neuron

have cell bodies in cerebral cortex a. upper motor neuron b. lower motor neuron

a. upper motor neuron

pathway that control different types of movements a. ascending tracts b. descending tracts

b. descending tract

muscle tone and movement of trunk muscle a. lateral corticospinal b. anterior corticospinal

b. anterior corticospinal

muscle tone and skilled movements especially the hand a. lateral corticospinal b. anterior corticospinal

a. lateral corticospinal

FUNCTION: influences mood and detect pain a. thalamus b. epithalamus b. hypothalamus

a. thalamus

FUNCTION: emotional and visceral response to odor a. thalamus b. epithalamus c. hypothalamus

b. epithalamus

FUNCTION: Maintain homeostasis a. thalamus b. epithalamus c. hypothalamus

c. hypothalamus

in parietal lobe; functions in understanding and formulating coherent speech a. sensory speech b. motor speech

a. sensory speech

in frontal lobe; controls movements necessary for speech a. sensory speech b. motor speech

b. motor speech

occur during intense mental activity a. alpha wave b. beta wave c. delta wave d. theta wave

b. beta wave

normal person is awake but in a quiet resting state a. alpha wave b. beta wave c. delta wave d. theta wave

a. alpha wave

occurs during deep sleep, in infants and patients with sever brain damage a. alpha wave b. beta wave c. delta wave d. theta wave

c. delta wave

common in children, may results with frustration or certain brain disorder a. alpha wave b. beta wave c. delta wave d. theta wave

d. theta wave

protective wrapping around the brain and spinal cord

meninges

superficial and thickest layer; adhere tightly to cranial bone a. dura matter b. arachnoid matter c. pia matter

a. dura matter

tightly bound to the surface of brain and spinal cord a. dura matter b. arachnoid matter c. pia matter

c. pia matter

very thin; second layer a. dura matter b. arachnoid matter c. pia matter

b. arachnoid matter

help hold the brain in place within the skull a. dura fold b. dura venous sinuses c. subdural space d. subarachnoid space

a. dura fold

filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains blood vessels; serve as a site of injection for spinal block and spinal tap a. dura fold b. dura venous sinuses c. subdural space d. subarachnoid space

d. subarachnoid space

space of vertebral canal between the dura mater and vertebrae; clinically vital for injection of epidural anesthesia to the spinal nerves

epidural space

fluid filled cavities of CNS

ventricle

smaller, midline cavity located in the center of diencephalon a. lateral ventricle b. third ventricle c. cerebral aqueduct d. fourth ventricle

b. third ventricle

large cavity within each cerebral hemisphere a. lateral ventricle b. third ventricle c. cerebral aqueduct d. fourth ventricle

a. lateral ventricle

located in the midbrain; connects the third and fourth ventricle a. lateral ventricle b. third ventricle c. cerebral aqueduct d. fourth ventricle

c. cerebral aqueduct

located at base of cerebellum; continuous with central canal or spinal cord a. lateral ventricle b. third ventricle c. cerebral aqueduct d. fourth ventricle

d. fourth ventricle