endocrine system

Question 1

Compare Endocrine and Nervous System

Answer 1

• the nervous and endocrine system act together to coordinate all systems of the body
• neurotransmitters (nervous) and hormones (endo) bind to target cells

Question 2

Function of the Endocrine Glands

Answer 2

• releases hormones
• secrete directly into the interstital fluid that surrounds them

Question 3

List 5 exclusive endocrine glands

Answer 3

• pituitary
• thyroid
• parathyroid
• adrenal
• pineal

Question 4

How do hormones get into the blood

Answer 4

• diffuse into the blood stream through capillaries and are carried to target cells through the body

Question 5

Describe Hormone Activity

Answer 5

• hormones are mediator molecules
• travel through the bloodstream and only affect target cells

Question 6

Describe Target Cells

Answer 6

• have specific protein receptors
• hormones chemically bind to these specific receptors

Question 7

2 Main classifications of hormones

Answer 7

1. Soluble in lipds - bind to transport proteins circulate in the blood
2. Soluble in water - travel freely in blood

Question 8

3 Lipid Soluble Hormones

Answer 8

• steroid hormones - derived from cholesterol
• thyroid hormones
• nitric oxide

Question 9

3 Water soluble hormones

Answer 9

1. Amine Hormones
2. Peptide and Protein Hormones
3. Eicosanoid Hormones

Question 10

Describe Function of Lipid Soluble Hormones

Answer 10

• pass through the cell membrane and bind to receptors within target cells

Question 11

Describe Function of Water Soluble Hormones

Answer 11

• bind to the receptors on the exterior surface of the target cell

Question 12

What 2 things work together to control other endocrine glands

Answer 12

• Hypothalmus and Pituitary Gland
• connected by the infundibulum

Question 13

Function of the Hypothalmus

Answer 13

• controls the ANS
• coordinates both nervous and endocrine
• secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that controls release of hormones by the pituitary gland

Question 14

Function of the Pituitary Gland

Answer 14

• secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands

Question 15

2 Lobes of Pituitary Gland

Answer 15

1. Adenohypophysis/Anterior Pituitary
   - secretes 7 hormones
2. Neurohypophysis/Posterior Pituitary
   - releases 2 hormones made by the hypothalmus

Question 16

What 7 Hormones does the Anterior Lobe Secrete

Answer 16

1. Human Growth
2. Thyroid Stimulating
3. Follicle Stimulating
4. Luteinizing
5. Prolactin
6. Adrenocoticotropic
7. Melanocyte Stimulating

Question 17

What 2 Hormones does the Posterior Lobe Secrete

Answer 17

1. Antidiuretic
2. Oxytocin

Question 18

describe look and location of thyroid gland

Answer 18

• butterfly shaped
• right and left lateral lobe
• inferior to larynx
• anterior to trachea

Question 19

what 2 hormones does the thyroid produce

Answer 19

1. Thyroxine
2. Triiodothyronine

Question 20

Functions of the Thyroid Gland

Answer 20

• control metabolic weight
• body temp
• brain development

Question 21

Parafollicular Cells in Thyroid Gland Secrete

Answer 21

1. Calcitonin
   - decrease blood levels of calcium

Question 22

Parathyroid Glands Location and Look

Answer 22

• posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
• each side has a superior and inferior gland

Question 23

What cells are in the parathyroid gland

Answer 23

• cheif/principal cells

Question 24

What do Cheif cells do

Answer 24

• release parathyroid hormone in response to low blood calcium levels
• increases calcium levels in the blood

Question 25

Adrenal Glands

Answer 25

- located on top of each kidney

Question 26

What is in the adrenal cortex

Answer 26

1. Outer zone - aldosterone: Regulates blood pressure 2. Middle Zone - Cortisone: controls inflammation 3. Inner Zone - Adrogens: supports sexual function and development as well as bone density and muscle

Question 27

What kind of hormones are in the adrenal glands

Answer 27

- steroid hormones

Question 28

What is in the adrenal medulla

Answer 28

- stimulated by the sympathetic division of the ANS Chromaffin cells secrete 1. Epinepherine and norepinephrine 2. Adrenaline and Noradrenaline - augment the **fight or flight response**

Question 29

Function of the pancreas

Answer 29

- has exocrine and endocrine function

Question 30

Endocrine Function of the Pancreas

Answer 30

- Islets of Langerhans 1. Alpha Cells: secrete glucagon 2. Beta Cells: Secrete Insulin

Question 31

Ovaries in Endocrine System

Answer 31

1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone 3. inhibin: secretes FSH 4. Relaxin: flexibility of pubic symph

Question 32

Testes in Endocrine System

Answer 32

1. Testosterone 2. Inhibin