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muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

List 4 Functions of the Muscles

A
  • motion
  • movement of substances
  • stabilizing body position
  • thermogenesis
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2
Q

3 Names of Direction Muscles

A

transverse
oblique
rectus (parallel to midline)

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3
Q

5 names of size muscles

A

Maximus vs minimus
Major vs Minor
Lattisimus (widest)

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4
Q

How many insertions do muscles have

A

Always 1

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5
Q

Names for Muscles with different numbers of origins

A

tri/bi

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6
Q

Names of Action Muscles

A

Flexor/Extensor
Abductor/Adductor

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7
Q

Shape muscles names

A

Deltoid
Serratus (saw toothed)

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8
Q

Define Muscle Origin

A

Site that does not move during contraction
(proximal end)

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9
Q

Define Muscle Insertion

A

Site that moves during contraction
(distal)

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10
Q

Define Muscle Action

A

movement
when a muscle contracts they shorten and pull on a bone

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11
Q

Muscles are arranged in

A

antagonistic pairs at the joints
- prime mover causes desired movement
- antagonist, the opposing muscle relaxes
- synergist steadies the movement

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12
Q

Define movement

A
  • muscles exert a force on tendons and in turn pull on bones
  • cross atleast one joint
  • muscles that surround a long bone dont move that long bone
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13
Q

Give example of bicep tricep antagonist pairs when flexing the elbow

A
  • bicep is the primary mover when flexing the elbow
  • tricep is the antagonist
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14
Q

What is a tendon

A
  • connect muscles to bone
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15
Q

What is a ligament

A
  • connects bone to bone
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16
Q

Sternocleidomastoids O:I:A

A

O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
I: Mastoid process and sup nuchal line of occipital bone
A: Lift chin (extend neck) &
laterally tilt vertex

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17
Q

What do superficial muscles of the trunk/back do

A

act on the shoulder

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18
Q

what do deep muscles of the trunk/back do

A
  • extend the trunk and rotate vertebral column
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19
Q

What do anterior muscles of the trunk/back do

A

anterior wall of the abdomen and support the viscera

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20
Q

Label the following muscles

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Lattisimus Dorsi
  3. Rhomboid Major
  4. Levatator Scapulae
  5. Teres Major
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21
Q

Trapezius O:I:A

A

O: occipital bone, sup nuchal line & C1-T12
I: Acromion and spine of scapula and clavicle
A: Makes scapula go up and back

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22
Q

Latissimus Dorsi O:I:A

A

O: spines of T7-L5 ribs 9-12 and iliac and sacral crest
I: Bicipital groove of humerus
A: internal rotation of shoulder

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23
Q

Levator Scapula O:I

A

O: Transverse Process of C1-C4
I: Medial, Superior border of scapula

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24
Q

Rhomboids Major & Minor O:I:A **

A

O: Spine C7-T5
I: Medial or vertebral border of scapula
A: stretching when arms are up
become fatigued easily
- rows are good exercise

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25
Teres Major O:I:A
O: Posterior scapula at inferior angle I: Medial Part of Biciptal Groove A: internally rotate at the shoulder - not part of the rotator cuff
26
3 Deep Back Muscles in Erector Spinae
- Iliocostalis - Longissimus - Spinalis | "i like standing"
27
What is the Erector Spinae for
maintaining lordotic curve - controlling flexion, lateral flexion and rotation
28
Where does the pectoralis major insert
greater tubercule
29
Where does the deltoid insert
deltoid tuberosity
30
Where does pectoralis minor insert
coracoid process
31
Where does serratus anterior intsert
medial border and inferior angle of scapula
32
Label:
A: pectoralis major B: deltoid C: pectoralis minor
33
External Intercostal Muscles Functions
Elevate ribs during inspiration | EIEIO
34
Internal Intercostal Muscles Functions
- Draw the ribs together during forced expiration * normal expiration is passive
35
3 Openings in the diaphragm
Aortic Hiatus T12 Esophageal Hiatus T10 Caval Hiatus T8
36
Diaphragm Function
contraction causes it to flatten and expand the thoracic cavity - inspiration
37
External Oblique O:I
O: Ribs 5-12 I: Linea Alba and iliac crest
38
Internal Oblique O:I
O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament I: carilage of ribs 7-10 and linea alba
39
Transverse Abdominis O:I
O: cartilage of lower ribs iliac crest and lumbar fascia I: linea alba, xiphoid, pubis
40
Rectus Abdominus O:I
O: superior pubis I: inferior surfaces of costal cartilages 5-7
41
Label
A: Serratus anterior B: transverse abdominus C: Internal Oblique D: External Oblique E: Aponeurosis - sheet of tendon on external oblique muscle F: Pectoralis Major G: Linea Alba H: Tendinous intersection (does not get bigger with exercise) I: Rectus Abdominis (gets bigger with exercise) J : Inguinal ligament
42
SITS of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis - strengthen and stabilize the shoulder
43
Supraspinatus O:I Infraspinatus O:I
O: supraspinous fossa O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tuberosity
44
Teres Minor O:I
O: lateral border of scapula I: Greater tuberosity
45
Subscapularis O:I
O: subscapular fossa I: Lesser tuberosity
46
What shoulder muscles are on posterior side of scapula
**SIT**S
47
Biceps Brachii O:I of Long and short head
Long head O: superior part of labrum I: Radial Tuberosity Short Head O: Coracoid Process I: Radial Tuberosity ## Footnote intertubercular groove also called bicipital groove
48
What muscle is more responsible for flexion at the elbow
Brachialis
49
Brachialis O:I
O: Distal anterior surface of humerus I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
50
Brachioradialis O:I:A
O:lateral distal humerus I: Superior to radial styloid process A: forearm flexors
51
Forearm Extensors
Triceps - always inserts at olecranon - has long, lateral and medial head
52
Action of Anterior Compartment of the Forearm
- flexes wrist and fingers - pronation of forearm and hand - ulnar and radial deviation
53
Anterior Superficial Muscles of the forearm O:I:A
All originate from medial epicondyle of the humerus Insert on the carpals or metacarpals Flexors of the hand and wrist
54
Posterior Superficial Muscles of the Forearm O:I:A
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: insert on carpals and metacarpals A: Extensors of the hand and wrist
55
What is carpal tunnel
Inflation of the median nerve - flexion of the wrist
56
Psoas Major O:I
O: T12 I: Lesser trochanter
57
3 muscles for hip flexion
Illiopsoas - Psoas Major - Illiacus Sartorius
58
Sartorius Origin
ASIS
59
How would you image an injured ASIS
45* oblique affected side down
60
What muscles adduct the hip Name O:I
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus O: pubic bone I: Linea Aspera Gracilis O: pubic bone I: medial proximal tibia
61
Hip Extension and Abduction
Gluteal Group - gluteus maximus - gluteus medius - gluteus minimus O: illium I: IT band and greater trochanter
62
4 muscles for knee extension & insertion
- Rectus femoris - vastus lateralis - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius * all form the quadriceps tendon , patellar ligament, inset on tibial tuberosity
63
3 Knee Flexion & Hip Extension muscles
1. Biceps femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranous Make up the hamstrings on the back of the leg
64
Hamstrings Group I:O
O: ischial tuberosity I: somewhere on the tibia
65
Tibialis Anterior O:I;A
O: Lateral condyle of the tibia and interosseous membrane I: medial cunieform and 1st metatarsal A: produces inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot (rolling the ankle)
66
Extensor Hallucis Longus action
extends big toe
67
Extensor Digitorum Longus
extends toes 2-5
68
2 Superficial Posterior Compartment of Lower Leg Muscles
1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus all join to become achilles tendon insert on calcaneal tuberosity
69
Gastrocnemius O:I
O: lateral and medial femoral condyle I: Calcaneus
70
Soleus O:I
O: Head of fibula and medial tibia I: calcaneus
71
What muscle is the most superficial muscle of the calves
gastrocnemius
72
What is the fabella
Calcification in lateral head of gastrocnemius

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