endocrine system

Question 1

what is the main function of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

communication and regulation through hormones

Question 2

what are some of the functions controlled by the endocrine system?

Answer 2

• heart rate
• fight or flight
• behaviour
• digestion
• growth of an animal
• homeostasis

Question 3

what is a hormone?

Answer 3

chemical messenger that contain signalling molecules

Question 4

how many structural groups of hormones are there?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

what are the names of the structural groups that hormones are split into?

Answer 5

• steroids
• proteins
• fatty acids
• phospholipids

Question 6

what are lipophilic hormones?

Answer 6

hormones that diffuse out of cell synthesis and require a carrier protein

Question 7

what are water soluble hormones?

Answer 7

hormones that are secreted via exocytosis in response to stimuli, with no carrier protein

Question 8

how are hormones controlled?

Answer 8

by negative and positive feedback systems

Question 9

what does a hormone do in negative feedback?

Answer 9

gives a cyclial response (dips between optimum level)

Question 10

what does a hormone do in positive feedback?

Answer 10

hormone rapidly increases and then something happens to prevent production, so it drops

Question 11

target tissue response is dependent on…

Answer 11

• synthesis and release of hormone
• biological activity
• turn over rate
• inactivation/inhibition of hormone

Question 12

what are concerted/additive hormones?

Answer 12

a combination of hormones where the effect of the combined action is equal to the sum of their individual effects

Question 13

what are synergistic hormones?

Answer 13

two or more hormones that, when combined, produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects

Question 14

what is a permissive hormone?

Answer 14

a hormone that needs another hormone for full affect

Question 15

where are hormone receptors found?

Answer 15

at the target tissue

Question 16

what do endocrine glands not have?

Answer 16

ducts

Question 17

how many sections does the pituitary glands have?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

what are the sections of the pituitary glands called?

Answer 18

posterior and anterior pituitary

Question 19

which endocrine gland is known as the “main” gland?

Answer 19

the pituitary gland

Question 20

which endocrine gland plays a role in circadian rhythm and seasonal breeding (in horses and sheep)?

Answer 20

pineal gland

Question 21

which gland consists of follicles that produce hormones T3 and T4?

Answer 21

thyroid gland

Question 22

what is the action of the thyroid gland?

Answer 22

regulation of basal rates of metabolism and essential for growth and development

Question 23

how many pairs of parathyroid glands are there and where are they located?

Answer 23

2 pairs, on each side of the thyroid

Question 24

what types of cells are included in the parathyroid glands?

Answer 24

chief cells and oxyphil cells

Question 25

where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 25

close to the kidneys

Question 26

what are the 2 sections of the adrenal gland called?

Answer 26

- adrenal cortex - adrenal medulla

Question 27

what does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 27

cortisol

Question 28

what does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 28

adrenaline

Question 29

where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 29

proximal part of the trachea

Question 30

the parathyroid glands produce a hormone which is involved in what?

Answer 30

regulation of serum calcium