Endocrine System Flashcards by Alice Caporn

Q

What do endocrine glands produce

A

Hormones

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Q

How are hormones transported around the body

A

Blood stream

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Q

What are the 3 types of hormone

A

Steroid

Peptide

Amine

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Q

Name 2 peptide hormones

A

Oxytocin

Insulin

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Q

Name two amine hormones

A

Adrenaline

Thyroxine

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Q

Name two steroid hormones

A

Oestrogen

Testosterone

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Q

What does the hormone thyroxine do

A

Regulates metabolism

Control of body temp

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Q

True or false endocrine glands have ducts

A

False

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Q

Which glands secrete their hormone into a duct

A

Exocrine glands eg. Sweat glands

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Q

Where is parathyroid hormone released from

A

Parathyroid gland

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Q

What does parathyroid hormone do

A

Increase plasma calcium levels

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Q

Where is calcitonin relapsed from

A

Thyroid gland

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Q

What does calcitonin do

A

Decreases plasma calcium levels

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Q

Where is aldosterone released from

A

Adrenal cortex

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Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Increases plasma sodium levels

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Q

Where is ADH released from

A

Adrenal gland

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Q

What does ADH do

A

Increases water reabsorption at the kidneys

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Q

What does ANP do

A

Increases sodium loss at the kidneys

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Q

Which hormone decreases plasma calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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Q

Which hormone is released at the kidney

A

EPO

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Q

Where is oestrogen released from

A

Ovaries

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Q

Which hormone does the adrenal gland release

A

Adrenaline

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Q

Where is atrial natriuretic peptide released from

A

The heart

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Q

Which hormone is released from the heart

A

ANP

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What type of feedback is involved in hormone regulation

Negative

Where are releasing hormones produced

Hypothalamus

How many hormones are produced at the hypothalamus

7

Name the hormones produced at the hypothalamus

``` TRH PRF PRIF CRH GnRH GHRH SS ```

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary store

ADH Oxytocin

What do the supraoptic and para ventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus produce

ADH Oxytocin

What sits below the optic chasm

Anterior pituitary

How many hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary

6

Where are stimulating hormones released from

Anterior pituitary

Name the hormones released from the anterior pituitary

``` TSH PRL ACTH LH FSH GH ```

Some tissues produce their own hormones, name 8

``` Heart Kidney Brain Small intestine Pineal gland Parathyroid gland Placenta Thymus ```

What hormone does the pineal gland produce

Melatonin

Which hormone does the brain produce

Brain natriuretic peptide

Where is the hormone secretin produced

Small intestine

Which 2 hormones does the placenta produce

HCG progesterone

Where is thymosin produced

Thymus

What is released from the thyroid gland

Calcitonin T3 and T4

Which cells secrete T3 & T4 in the thyroid gland

Follicular cells

Which cells release calcitonin in the thyroid gland

C cells

What do follicular cells require to produce T3 & T4

Iodine

What's type of hormones are T3 & T4

Amines

What does TSH do

Stimulate the breakdown of thyroglobulin into T3 & T4

What is the precursor of T3 and T4

Thyroglobulin

What does T4 stand for

Thyroxine

What does T3 stand for

Tri-iodothyroxine

How does calcitonin lower blood calcium levels

Reduces amount of calcium released from bones Increases the amount excreted by the kidney

What type of receptors do peptide hormones act on

Membrane receptors

What type of receptors do steroid hormones act on

Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors

How do steroids enter the cell

Diffuse as lipid soluble

Where do steroid hormones have an effect

Specific genes

Name an example of a mineralocorticoid

Aldosterone

Name an example of a glucocorticoid

Cortisone

What does paracrine mean

Effect of the hormone are restricted to local environment

Which system sends high speed messages

Nervous system

Name 3 similarities between the NS AND ES

Both utilise hormones/chemicals Both use neurotransmitters Both use adrenaline

Where is cortisone released from

Adrenal cortex

Adrenaline is a ... Noradrenaline is a ...

Hormone Neurotransmitter

During flight and flight the ... nervous system is activated. One neurone goes to the ... and stimulates release of ... and ... These act on the same receptors but take longer and are longer acting

Sympathetic Adrenal medulla Adrenaline Noradrenaline

Where are beta 1 receptors found

Heart

Where are beta 2 receptors found

Bronchial smooth muscle

Where are beta 3 receptors found

Adipose tissue

Where are alpha 1 receptors found

Peripheral vascular smooth muscle

The main neurotransmitter substance released at target organs of the ... Is acetylcholine

Parasympathetic

Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water only in the nephron

ADH

During the depolarization of the nerve cell plasma membrane:

Sodium channels open and sodium ions move into the cell

Thyroxine is an example of what hormone

Amine

ACTH is secreted from

Anterior pituitary

Which gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the neurohyphysis

Posterior pituitary

In the ... nervous system the pre ganglionic nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at Thoraco-lumbar levels

Sympathetic

The cell membrane is more ... charged than the exterior

Negatively