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Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

What do endocrine glands produce

A

Hormones

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1
Q

How are hormones transported around the body

A

Blood stream

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of hormone

A

Steroid

Peptide

Amine

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3
Q

Name 2 peptide hormones

A

Oxytocin

Insulin

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4
Q

Name two amine hormones

A

Adrenaline

Thyroxine

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5
Q

Name two steroid hormones

A

Oestrogen

Testosterone

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6
Q

What does the hormone thyroxine do

A

Regulates metabolism

Control of body temp

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7
Q

True or false endocrine glands have ducts

A

False

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8
Q

Which glands secrete their hormone into a duct

A

Exocrine glands eg. Sweat glands

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9
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone released from

A

Parathyroid gland

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10
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do

A

Increase plasma calcium levels

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11
Q

Where is calcitonin relapsed from

A

Thyroid gland

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12
Q

What does calcitonin do

A

Decreases plasma calcium levels

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13
Q

Where is aldosterone released from

A

Adrenal cortex

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14
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Increases plasma sodium levels

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15
Q

Where is ADH released from

A

Adrenal gland

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16
Q

What does ADH do

A

Increases water reabsorption at the kidneys

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17
Q

What does ANP do

A

Increases sodium loss at the kidneys

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18
Q

Which hormone decreases plasma calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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19
Q

Which hormone is released at the kidney

A

EPO

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20
Q

Where is oestrogen released from

A

Ovaries

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21
Q

Which hormone does the adrenal gland release

A

Adrenaline

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22
Q

Where is atrial natriuretic peptide released from

A

The heart

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23
Q

Which hormone is released from the heart

A

ANP

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24
Q

What type of feedback is involved in hormone regulation

A

Negative

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25
Q

Where are releasing hormones produced

A

Hypothalamus

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26
Q

How many hormones are produced at the hypothalamus

A

7

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27
Q

Name the hormones produced at the hypothalamus

A 
TRH
PRF
PRIF
CRH
GnRH
GHRH
SS
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28
Q

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary store

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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29
Q

What do the supraoptic and para ventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus produce

A

ADH

Oxytocin

30
Q

What sits below the optic chasm

A

Anterior pituitary

31
Q

How many hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

6

32
Q

Where are stimulating hormones released from

A

Anterior pituitary

33
Q

Name the hormones released from the anterior pituitary

A 
TSH
PRL
ACTH
LH
FSH
GH
34
Q

Some tissues produce their own hormones, name 8

A 
Heart 
Kidney
Brain
Small intestine 
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Placenta
Thymus
35
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland produce

A

Melatonin

36
Q

Which hormone does the brain produce

A

Brain natriuretic peptide

37
Q

Where is the hormone secretin produced

A

Small intestine

38
Q

Which 2 hormones does the placenta produce

A

HCG

progesterone

39
Q

Where is thymosin produced

A

Thymus

40
Q

What is released from the thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

T3 and T4

41
Q

Which cells secrete T3 & T4 in the thyroid gland

A

Follicular cells

42
Q

Which cells release calcitonin in the thyroid gland

A

C cells

43
Q

What do follicular cells require to produce T3 & T4

A

Iodine

44
Q

What’s type of hormones are T3 & T4

A

Amines

45
Q

What does TSH do

A

Stimulate the breakdown of thyroglobulin into T3 & T4

46
Q

What is the precursor of T3 and T4

A

Thyroglobulin

47
Q

What does T4 stand for

A

Thyroxine

48
Q

What does T3 stand for

A

Tri-iodothyroxine

49
Q

How does calcitonin lower blood calcium levels

A

Reduces amount of calcium released from bones

Increases the amount excreted by the kidney

50
Q

What type of receptors do peptide hormones act on

A

Membrane receptors

51
Q

What type of receptors do steroid hormones act on

A

Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors

52
Q

How do steroids enter the cell

A

Diffuse as lipid soluble

53
Q

Where do steroid hormones have an effect

A

Specific genes

54
Q

Name an example of a mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

55
Q

Name an example of a glucocorticoid

A

Cortisone

56
Q

What does paracrine mean

A

Effect of the hormone are restricted to local environment

57
Q

Which system sends high speed messages

A

Nervous system

58
Q

Name 3 similarities between the NS AND ES

A

Both utilise hormones/chemicals

Both use neurotransmitters

Both use adrenaline

59
Q

Where is cortisone released from

A

Adrenal cortex

60
Q

Adrenaline is a …

Noradrenaline is a …

A

Hormone

Neurotransmitter

61
Q

During flight and flight the … nervous system is activated. One neurone goes to the … and stimulates release of … and … These act on the same receptors but take longer and are longer acting

A

Sympathetic

Adrenal medulla

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

62
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors found

A

Heart

63
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors found

A

Bronchial smooth muscle

64
Q

Where are beta 3 receptors found

A

Adipose tissue

65
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors found

A

Peripheral vascular smooth muscle

66
Q

The main neurotransmitter substance released at target organs of the … Is acetylcholine

A

Parasympathetic

67
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water only in the nephron

A

ADH

68
Q

During the depolarization of the nerve cell plasma membrane:

A

Sodium channels open and sodium ions move into the cell

69
Q

Thyroxine is an example of what hormone

A

Amine

70
Q

ACTH is secreted from

A

Anterior pituitary

71
Q

Which gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the neurohyphysis

A

Posterior pituitary

72
Q

In the … nervous system the pre ganglionic nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at Thoraco-lumbar levels

A

Sympathetic

73
Q

The cell membrane is more … charged than the exterior

A

Negatively

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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