Endocrine System

Question 1

Pituitary gland (Hypophysis)

Answer 1

a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. It is referred to as the body’s ‘master gland’ because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.

Question 2

Adrenohypophysis

Answer 2

the anterior part of the pituitary gland that is derived from the embryonic pharynx and is primarily glandular in nature. — called also anterior lobe, anterior pituitary

Question 3

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), metabolic rate

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-signals adrenal cortex to release stress hormones (glucocorticoids)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Growth Hormone (GH) (a.k.a. somatotropic hormone/ somatotropin)-body growth

Prolactin (milk production)

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-darkens skin; only in fetus.

Answer 3

What are the 7 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Question 4

Anterior Pituitary (Basophils)

Answer 4

Question 5

Anterior Pituitary (Acidophiles)

Answer 5

Question 6

Anterior Pituitary (Chromophobes)

Answer 6

Question 7

Anterior Pituitary (Infundibulum)

Answer 7

Question 8

Neurohypophysis

Answer 8

the posterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland), which stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus.

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; a.k.a. vasopressin)-targets kidneys and arterioles to regulate fluid volume and blood pressure

Oxytocin-uterine contraction and milk secretion

Answer 9

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Question 10

Thyroid Gland

Answer 10

a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of your neck. It releases hormones that control metabolism—the way your body uses energy.

Question 11

Thyroid Gland (Lateral lobes)

Answer 11

Question 12

Thyroid Gland (Isthmus)

Answer 12

Question 13

Thyroid Gland (Follicular cells)

thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Answer 13

What hormone is secreted?

Question 14

Thyroid Gland (Parafollicular cells)

Calcitonin-depresses blood calcium levels (via osteoclasts and kidney function).

Answer 14

Question 15

Thyroid Gland (Colloid Filled Follicles)

Answer 15

Question 16

Parathyroid glands

release parathyroid hormone (PTH) which controls the calcium levels in the blood stream.

Answer 16

four small glands of the endocrine system which regulate the calcium in our bodies. Parathyroid glands are located in the neck behind the thyroid where they continuously monitor and regulate blood calcium levels

what hormone is secreted here?

Question 17

Pancreas (Tail)

Answer 17

Question 18

Pancreas

Answer 18

an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.

Question 19

Pancreas (Head)

Answer 19

Question 20

Pancreas (Body)

Answer 20

Question 21

Pancreas (Islet)

Answer 21

Question 22

Pineal Body

secretes melatonin

Answer 22

endocrine gland found in vertebrates that is the source of melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythm

What hormone is secreted here?

Question 23

Adrenal glands

Answer 23

small glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you can’t live without, including sex hormones and cortisol

Question 24

Adrenal glands (Adrenal cortex)

produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure).

Answer 24

What hormone is secreted here?

Question 25

Adrenal glands (Adrenal medulla) produces nonessential (that is, you don’t need them to live) hormones, such as adrenaline (which helps your body react to stress).

Answer 25

What hormone is secreted here?

Question 26

Adrenal glands (Zona glomerulosa)

Answer 26

Question 27

Adrenal glands (Zona fasiculata)

Answer 27

Question 28

Adrenal glands (Zona reticularis)

Answer 28

Question 29

Ovaries Exocrine: eggs Endocrine: produce gonadal hormones (steroids) Estrogen Progesterone

Answer 29

the female gonads — the primary female reproductive organs. These glands have three important functions: they secrete hormones, they protect the eggs a female is born with and they release eggs for possible fertilization What hormone is secreted here?

Question 30

Testes exocrine: sperm endocrine: gonadal hormones (steroids) Sertoli Cells - secrete inhibin (inhibits FSH secretion) Interstilal Cells (Leydig Cells) - secretes androgens; primarily testosterone and estrogen

Answer 30

an organ which produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells). what hormone is secreted here?

Question 31

Ovaries (Histology)

Answer 31

Question 32

Testes (Histology)

Answer 32

Question 33

Beta cells insulin

Answer 33

a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type I Diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are diminished, leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. what hormone is secreted here?

Question 34

Alpha cells glucagon

Answer 34

endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up to 20% of the human islet cells synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood. what hormone is secreted here?