Heart

Question 1

space known as the mediastinum

Answer 1

Heart is located in the …. , center of the thoracic cavity

Question 2

Apex

Answer 2

inferior tip of the heart

Question 3

Base

Answer 3

The part of the heart formed mainly by the left atrium and to a lesser extent by the posterior part of the right atrium, directed backward and to the right, and separated from the vertebral column by the esophagus and aorta.

Question 4

Myocardium

Answer 4

middle layer of heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue; generates force necessary to pump blood

Question 5

Endocardium

Answer 5

covers the internal surface of the heart chambers and the external surfaces of the heart valves

Question 6

Epicardium

Answer 6

outermost heart layer and is composed of a serous membrane and areolar connective tissue

Question 7

Parietal pericardium

Answer 7

The outer layer of the pericardium which is a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels

Question 8

Pericardial cavity

Answer 8

thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 10

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 10

moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart

Question 11

Ventricles - Papillary muscles

Answer 11

are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Question 12

Atria - Pectinate muscle

Answer 12

parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. They are so-called because of their resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten

Question 13

Atria - Auricles (Ear)

Answer 13

The left auricle, also known as the left atrial appendage (LAA), is actually a small, muscular pouch at the upper corner of the left atrium. It collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and moves the blood into the left ventricle

Question 14

Ventricles - Trabeculae carneae

Answer 14

The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or meaty ridges), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.

Question 15

Left ventricle

Answer 15

thickest of the heart’s chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

Question 16

Ventricles - Chordae tendinae

Answer 16

The chordae tendineae (tendinous cords), colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.

Question 17

Ventricles - Interventricular septum

Answer 17

the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, from one another.

Question 18

Right ventricle

Answer 18

most anterior of the four heart chambers. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium (RA) and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. During diastole, blood enters the right ventricle through the atrioventricular orifice through an open tricuspid valve (

Question 19

Valves - Tricuspid valve (Rt AV Valve)

Answer 19

one of the two main valves on the right side of your heart. Normally, the tricuspid valve has three flaps (leaflets) that open and close, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle in your heart and preventing blood from flowing backward.

Question 20

Valves - Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve/L AV Valve)

Answer 20

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. The aortic valve regulates blood flow from the heart into the aorta

Question 21

Valves - Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 21

The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

Question 22

Valves - Aortic semilunar valve

Answer 22

a door between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood flows to the heart through the right atrium and right ventricle to go to the lungs. After the lungs, the blood returns to the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 23

Vessels - Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava

Answer 23

The superior vena cava delivers blood from the head and chest area to the heart, while the inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body regions to the heart

Question 24

Vessels - Ascending aorta

Answer 24

a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.

Question 25

Vessels - Pulmonary trunk

Answer 25

the solitary arterial output from the right ventricle, transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 26

Vessels - Descending aorta

Answer 26

The descending aorta starts after the arch of the aorta and ends by splitting into two great arteries (the common iliac arteries) that go to the legs.

Question 27

Vessels - R and L Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 27

The main pulmonary artery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery.[1] The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right, passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 28

Vessels - Aortic arch

Answer 28

the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body

Question 29

Vessels - R and L Pulmonary Veins (2 ea)

Answer 29

the four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from both lungs and drain into the left atrium, as follows: (a) the right superior pulmonary vein drains the right upper and middle lobes; (b) the left superior pulmonary vein drains the left upper lobe and lingula; and (c) the two inferior pulmonary veins drain the lower lobes.

Question 30

Vessles - Coronary sinus

Answer 30

a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior venae cavae

Question 31

Arteries - Left coronary artery

Answer 31

one of two coronary vessels (heart vessels) that supply blood to the heart muscle. It arises from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta. It lies mainly between the pulmonary trunk and the auricle of the left atrium. no veins traveling with artery; travels in coronary sulcus

Question 32

Arteries - Anterior interventricular artery

Answer 32

stems from the left coronary artery at the superior end of the anterior interventricular sulcus. It courses obliquely and anteroinferiorly along the anterior surface of the heart towards its apex, within the anterior interventricular sulcus. great cardiac vein travels with artery; travels in anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 33

Arteries - Circumflex artery

Answer 33

one of the two major coronary arteries that arise from the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery (the other branch being the left anterior descending (LAD) artery). great cardiac vein and coronary sinus travel with artery; travels within coronary sulcus

Question 34

Arteries - Right coronary artery

Answer 34

supplies blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which regulate the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into smaller branches, including the right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery. no vein traveling with artery; travels within coronary sulcus

Question 35

Arteries - Right marginal artery

Answer 35

a branch of the right coronary artery. It supplies the majority of the myocardium of the right ventricle of the heart small cardiac vein travels within; no sulcus in which it travels through

Question 36

Arteries - Posterior interventricular artery

Answer 36

artery runs in the posterior (inferior) interventricular sulcus. Its main function is to supply the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of the myocardium and interventricular sulcus of the heart. middle cardiac vein traveling with artery; travels within the posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 37

Fetal circulation

Answer 37

What are the prime differences?

Question 38

Umbilicus - Umbilical arteries

Answer 38

usually paired and carries deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta. The arteries are a direct continuation of the internal iliac arteries and they pass initially inferiorly and latterly as it passes the bladder before turning medially to enter the aorta. "carries blood low in oxygen"

Question 39

Umbilicus - Umbilical vein

Answer 39

supplies oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus. It is approximately 2-3cm long and 4-5mm diameter. From the umbilicus it joins the left branch of the portal vein after giving off several intrahepatic branches and continues on to the inferior vena cava by way of a vessel called the ductus venosus. "carries blood that is most oxygenated"

Question 40

Umbilicus - Foramen ovale

Answer 40

a hole between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. This hole exists in everyone before birth, but most often closes shortly after being born. PFO is what the hole is called when it fails to close naturally after a baby is born

Question 41

Umbilicus - Ductus arteriosus

Answer 41

a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.

Question 42

After birth - Ligamentum arteriosus

Answer 42

a fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus

Question 43

After birth - Fossa ovalis

Answer 43

a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum, the wall between right and left atrium. The fossa ovalis is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.