Endocrinology Flashcards
(21 cards)
Best initial medical therapy for diabetes mellitus
Metformin
Antidiabetic agents promoting weight gain
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazolidinediones
- Insulin
Antidiabetic agents promoting weight loss
- Metformin
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- SGLT2 inhibitors
- GLP1 receptor agonist
Patients with diabetes may experience this phenomenon wherein glucose levels rise in the early morning as growth hormone and cortisol secretion peak
Dawn phenomenon
A phenomenon that can be tied to evening timing of insulin doses
Somogyi effect
Most serious complication of therapy for diabetes mellitus
Hypoglycemia
Best step in the management of DKA
IV hydration and insulin administration
Presents as venous distention over the neck and difficulty breathing especially when the arms are raised, seen in large
retrosternal goiters
Pemberton sign
Most common sign of thyrotoxicosis
Tachycardia
Most common symptom of thyrotoxicosis
Hyperactivity, irritability, dysphoria
Ovarian tissue that makes active thyroid hormones
Struma ovarii
It happens when an iodine-deprived thyroid is exposed suddenly to an iodine-rich diet. The thyroid avidly takes
up more iodine and the thyroid machinery produce more FT4 and FT3
Jod-Basedow phenomenon
Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide
Iodine deficiency
Most common sign of hypothyroidism
Dry coarse skin, cool peripheral extremities
Most common symptom of hypothyroidism
Tiredness, weakness
Single best tool used in the assessment of thyroid status
TSH
Most common type of thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer
Biomarker of medullary thyroid cancer
Calcitonin
Biomarker of papillary thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, follicular
thyroid cancer
Thyroglobulin
Sequential loss of hormones during pituitary compression
GH → FSH / LH → TSH → ACTH
