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INTERNAL MEDICINE > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Phase of lobar pneumonia rarely seen in histopathology

A

Edema phase

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2
Q

Phase of lobar pneumonia corresponding to successful containment of the infection and has gas exchange improvement

A

Gray hepatization

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3
Q

Phase of lobar pneumonia corresponding to inflammatory response clearance

A

Resolution

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4
Q

Predominant cell in red hepatization phase

A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

Predominant cell in gray hepatization phase

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Predominant cell in resolution phase

A

Macrophages

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7
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia across all ages

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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8
Q

Causes “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

Associated with stay in hotel or cruise ship for the past 2 weeks

A

Legionella spp.

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10
Q

Most common associated etiology of pneumonia after local influenza infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

Sputum sample is adequate and points to a lower respiratory source if:

A

> 25 neutrophils/lowpower field AND <10 squamous epithelial cells/low-power field

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12
Q

According to 2020 PSMID CAP guidelines, indications for atypical coverage for aspiration pneumonia

A

With suspected lung abscess, With suspected empyema

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13
Q

Most commonly involved organ in tuberculosis (TB)

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Forms of TB that are considered most infectious

A

Cavitary pulmonary TB
Laryngeal TB

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15
Q

Most common form of extrapulmonary TB

A

Lymphadenitis

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16
Q

Site of skeletal TB (Pott disease)

A

Lower thoracic area
Upper lumbar

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17
Q

Pathognomonic findings in miliary TB

A

Choroidal tubercle in the eye

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18
Q

In PTB, peripheral parenchymal lesion (with or without pleural lesion)

A

Ghon focus

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19
Q

In PTB, Ghon focus + regional lymphadenopathy

A

Ghon complex

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20
Q

In PTB, healed (calcified) Ghon complex

A

Ranke complex

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21
Q

Most hepatotoxic anti-TB medication

A

Pyrazinamide

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22
Q

Anti-TB medication causing optic neuritis

A

Ethambutol

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23
Q

Anti-TB medication causing hyperuricemia

A

Pyrazinamide

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24
Q

Only symptomatology that is consistent and adequate to designate UTI as pyelonephritis

A

Fever

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25
Most effective approach in the management of uncomplicated UTI
Empiric antibiotic treatment
26
Indications for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria
* Pregnancy * If patient will undergo urologic interventions
27
Most common mode of transmission of typhoid fever
Foodborne or waterborne transmission
28
Most common symptom of typhoid fever
Headache
29
Most common GI symptom of typhoid fever
Anorexia
30
Most common PE finding of typhoid fever
Coated tongue
31
Most common complication of typhoid fever
Gastrointestinal bleeding
32
Specimen with the highest sensitivity for isolating Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi
Bone marrow
33
Stool culture for typhoid fever may be positive in this week
3rd week of illness
34
Preferred empiric antibiotics for typhoid fever
3rd generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) Azithromycin
35
Minimal lethal dose of tetanospasmin
2.5 nanograms per kilogram body weight
36
Triad of tetanus
Trismus, Opisthotonos, Risus sardonicus
37
Antibiotic of choice for tetanus
Metronidazole
38
This antibiotic is an alternative for tetanus management but can cause exacerbations of spasms
Penicillin
39
Most important reservoir of Leptospira
Rats
40
Specimen that becomes positive during the leptospiremic phase of leptospirosis
Blood
41
Specimen that becomes positive during the immune phase of leptospirosis
Urine
42
Components of Weil triad
* Jaundice * Renal dysfunction * Bleeding manifestation (pulmonary hemorrhage)
43
Typical electrolyte abnormalities in leptospirosis
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia
44
Loss of this electrolyte in the urine is uniquely associated with leptospiral nephropathy
Magnesium
45
Most common type of AKI seen in leptospirosis
Nonoliguric, hypokalemia AKI
46
Microagglutination test result that is diagnostic of leptospirosis (based on 21st HPIM)
1:200 – 1:800 single titer
47
Microagglutination test result that is diagnostic of leptospirosis (based on PSMID 2010 Leptospirosis CPG)
1:1600 single titer
48
Primary therapy for mild leptospirosis
Oral Doxycycline
49
Primary therapy for moderate/severe leptospirosis
IV Penicillin
50
Most prevalent etiologic agent causing schistosomiasis in the Philippines
Schistosoma japonicum
51
Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi
52
Dermatitis associated with cercarial invasion of Schistosoma
Swimmer’s itch
53
Acute schistosomiasis
Katayama fever
54
Standard diagnostic tool for schistosomiasis
Detection of egg
55
Drug of choice for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel 60 mg/kg in 3 divided doses in 1 day, as single treatment
56
Mass drug administration for schistosomiasis in the Philippines
Annually every January
57
Intermediate host of Plasmodium sp.
Humans
58
Definitive host of Plasmodium sp.
Anopheles mosquitoes
59
Characteristic and ominous feature of falciparum malaria
Coma
60
Most common fundoscopic feature of falciparum malaria
Discrete spots of retinal opacification
61
Amount of glucose that can increase risk for clinical seizures in falciparum malaria
<40 mg/dL
62
Antimalarial drug that increases risk for hypoglycemia
Quinine
63
Preferred staining technique in the diagnosis of malaria
Giemsa stain
64
Type of smear that can only detect the presence of Plasmodium but cannot speciate it
Blood thick smear
65
Type of smear that can speciate Plasmodium
Blood thin smear
66
Primary drug of choice for severe falciparum malaria
Artesunate
67
Only antimalarial agent available for pregnant patients (2nd or 3rd trimester) going to areas endemic with malaria
Mefloquine
68
Reservoirs of HIV virions
Macrophages
69
Primary target of HIV virions
Helper T cells
70
Parenteral mode conferring highest risk of HIV transmission
Blood transfusion
71
Sexual mode conferring highest risk of HIV transmission
Receptive anal intercourse
72
Screening tool used in HIV diagnosis
HIV enzyme immunoassay
73
Confirmatory tool used in HIV diagnosis
Wester blot
74
Best predictor of the immediate state of immunologic competence of the HIV patient
CD4 count
75
Best predictor of the long term clinical outcome among HIV patients; used in the assessment of effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy
HIV viral load
76
Most common cause of pneumonia in HIV patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii
77
Regimen for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis and Toxoplasma infection among HIV patients
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
78
Regimen for the prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection among HIV patients
Macrolides
79
Gold standard in the diagnosis of COVID19
RT-PCR of the nasopharynx

INTERNAL MEDICINE (10 decks)

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