Flashcards in endocrinology lectures -- settles Deck (59)
Loading flashcards...
1
this hormone is iodine containing
thyroid hormone
2
T/F
T4 is greater than T3 in activity
FALSE
3
which is the active form
T4 or T3
T3
4
primary hypothyroidism is a disease of what tissue and accounts for what percent of hypothyroid cases?
thyroid gland - bc primary disease
95% of cases
5
most of the primary hypothyroid cases are due to what?
lymphocytic thyroiditis -- autoimmune disorder
6
these 4 drugs can cause a low T4
Glucocorticoids
Carprofen
Furosemide
Phenobarbital
7
what are 3 iatrogenic causes of low T4
I131
Antithyroid drugs
Thyroidectomy
8
T/F
the signalment for a hypothyroid dog is a really young small breed dog
FALSE -- large breed middle aged dogs
9
middle aged dog with lethargy, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, rat tail and seborrhea are all clinical signs pointing towards what endocring disorder
Hypothyroidism
10
T/F
alopecia in a hypothyroid dog will be bilaterally symmetric
TRUE -- endocrine disorders are all this way
11
deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the dermis leading to a sad facial expression is known as
myxedema
12
myxedema is seen in what endocrine disorder
hypothyroid dogs
13
this "syndrome" will give low T4 results while everything else remains normal
euthyroid sick syndrome
14
pituitary gland secretes this to stimulate the thyroid
TSH
15
the hypothalamus secretes this to stimulate the pituitary to release TSH
TRH
16
Lab results of a thyroid panel for a primary hypothyroid dog
Low T4, low FT4, HIGH TSH
17
T/F
TSH will be low for primary hypothyroidism
FALSE -- will be HIGH
18
secondary hypothyroidism is an issue with what tissue
the pituitary
19
what will the lab results for a secondary hypothyroidism dog be
LOW T4, low FT4, LOW TSH
20
what happens to the cholesterol and trigs during hypothyroidism
they go up
hypercholesterolemia
21
T/F
if you get a normal T4 reading back on lab work you can rule out hypothyroidism
TRUE
22
what is the gold standard test for dx of primary hypothyroidism
TSH stimulation test
23
what is the synthetic T4 drug of choice for treating hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
24
when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many weeks will the attitude be improved
1-2 weeks
25
when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many weeks will the derm be improved
4-6 weeks
26
when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many months will the hair growth be improved
2-3
27
cat with these clinical signs:
Decreased fur on temples & pinnae, wt gain
hypothyroid cat
28
what will be the results of a TSH stimulation test in a hypothyroid dog
no significant increase in post-T4 (due to thyroid gland atrophy or destruction)
in a normal dog there would be an increase
29
most common cause of hyperthyroidism in cats
functional adenoma
30
old thin cat differentials
renal dz
lymphoma
inflammatory bowel dz
hyperthyroid
31
average age for a cat with hyperthyroidism
12
32
most common endocrinopathy of cats
hyperthyroidism
33
clinical signs of a cat with hyperthyroidism
scraggly coat (lol)
pu/pd -- dilute urine
vomiting
diarrhea
goiter
tachycardia
34
how to treat tachycardia from hyperthyroidism
beta blockers like propanolol -- thyroid works toward the beta receptors so small doses of propranolol can slow the heart rate and lower BP
35
when palpating a hyperthyoid cats thyroid why is it important to go slowly
to prevent a thyroid storm
36
T/F
cats have an inducible form of Alk phos
FALSE -- so this will be increased in hyperthyroid cats
37
in a hyperthyroid cat's serum chemistry, will the ALT be higher, lower, or unchanged
HIGHER
38
T/F
hypothyroid dogs have PU/PD
FALSE
39
why is the azotemia in a hyperthyroid cat masked
the higher BP from the thyroid keeps the GFR up and so the azotemia is not noticed -- this is still causing damage to the kidney over time and is bad
40
ideal treatment for hyperthyroid cat
30 days methimazole -- see if azotemia is unmasked first and treat the kidney issues
THEN I131
good prognosis ^^ +5.3yrs
41
this drug acts by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis by
blocking incorporation of iodine

methimazole (tapazole) -- hyperthyoid cat tx
42
Excess glucocorticoids produced by adrenals.
hyperadrenocorticism -- cushings disease
43
which thyroid hormone can be absorbed across the cell membrane
free T4
44
When treating a hypothyroid dog when should blood levels be drawn to evaluate therapy?
a. 4-6 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy
b. 4-6 hours post pill after 2 weeks of treatment if the dog is on q24 hour treatment
c. 8-12 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy
d. Peak and trough levels should be drawn after 1 month of therapy
a. 4-6 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy
45
What is the most appropriate test to differentiate pituitary dependent from adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism
abdominal ultrasound
46
The following signs are most consistent with which disease?
Polyuria, Pot-bellied, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Panting
hyperadrenocorticism -- cushings
47
Which of the following helps to differentiate Cushing’s disease from hypothyroidism in dogs?
a. Low Total T4 with hypercholesterolemia
b. Polyuria/ polyphagia
c. Obesity and hair loss
d. Elevated ALP and weight loss
B
48
differentials for PU/PD
Pyelonephritis
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes mellitus
Drugs
Liver disease
49
Which of the following is most consistent with HAC?
a. Stress leukogram, Elevated ALP, USG = 1.012
b. Mild neutrophilia, Elevated ALT, USG = 1.020
c. Mild anemia, Elevated Creatinine, USG = 1.012
d. Mild anemia, Elevated ALP, USG = 1.045
A
50
Which of the following is most consistent with a diagnosis of Cushing’s disease?
a. An elevated UCC and normal ACTH stim
b. A borderline UCC and an elevated LDDS at 8 hours
c. A low HDDS at 8 hours with an elevated UCC
d. An elevated endogenous ACTH level
B
51
What if the LDDS came back as positive for Cushing’s but not definitive for PDH? What is the best answer?
a. Abdominal ultrasound
b. HDDS
c. Endogenous ACTH
d. ACTH stim
Abdominal ultrasound
52
form of hyperadrenocorticism that Causes bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia
Pituitary dependent -- accounts for 80-85% of cases and mostly small breed dogs
53
what will iatrogenic cushings do to the adrenal glands
bilateral atrophy
54
calcinosis cutis is seen in what endocrine disorder
cushings
55
destroys zonae fasciculata and reticularis of adrenal gland – permanent adrenal atrophy
mitotane - lysodren
56
Selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B, helps restore central dopamine concentration and facilitates dopaminergic transmission
selegiline - anipryl
57
Use in those patients whose owners do not want to use Lysodren for fear of its side effects or cost of Trilostane
selegiline
58
Synthetic, orally active steroid analog; competitive inhibitor of the 3--hydroxysteroid dehydrogrenase enzyme system thereby inhibiting synthesis of several steroids including cortisol and aldosterone
Trilostane
59
