Endrocrine random

Question 1

Input to adrenal medulla

Answer 1

T5-T11 (celiac/renal plexuses)

Question 2

Common alpha subunit

Answer 2

TSH, LH, FSH, hCG

Question 3

Acidophils

Answer 3

GH, prolactin

Question 4

Basophils

Answer 4

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Question 5

Insulin fun facts

Answer 5

Increase Na retention and does not cross the placenta

Question 6

Insulin independent transporters

Answer 6

GLUT1 - RBCs, brain, cornea
GLUT2 (bidirectional) - B islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine
GLUT3 - brain
GLUT5 (fructose) - spermatocytes, GI tract

Question 7

Insulin-dependent cell response to insulin

Answer 7

Tyrosine phosphorylation:

1) PI-3 kinase pathway: a) GLUT4 upreg b) Glycogen, protein, lipid synthesis
2) RAS/MAP kinase pathway causing cell grown and DNA synthesis

Question 8

Insulin release (stim/inhib)

Answer 8

• Glucose, AA, enteric hormones, glucagon, vagus, Beta-adrenergic, GH (by increasing resistance)
• Somatostatin, insulin

Question 9

Glucagon release (stim/inhib)

Answer 9

• AA, enteric hormones, cortisol, vagus, Beta-adrenergic

- Glucose, f.a., ketone bodies, insulin, somatostatin

Question 10

Beta-endorphin

Answer 10

• CRH causes release

- Endogenous opioid neuropeptide

Question 11

Tesamorelin

Answer 11

GHRH analog for HIV-associated lipodystrophy

Question 12

Somatostatin

Answer 12

decreased GH and TSH

Question 13

TRH

Answer 13

Increased TSH and Prolactin

Question 14

Prolactin stimulates…

Answer 14

dopamine

Question 15

IGF-1

Answer 15

Somatomedin C

Question 16

GH (stim/inhib)

Answer 16

• Exercise, sleep, Ghrelin (GH secretagog receptor)

- Glucose, somatostatin, IGF-1

Question 17

Ghrelin release

Answer 17

Sleep loss and Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 18

Leptin MOA

Answer 18

• Inhibits neuropeptide Y production in arcuate nuc. of hypothalamus (apatite stimulator in lateral thalamus)
• Increases POMC, thus alpha-MSH which is a hunger suppressant in medial thalamus

Question 19

Cortisol on fibroblasts and immune

Answer 19

• Decreased fibroblast activity (striae)
• Decreases PG/LT, Neutrophilia, block histamine release, reduce eosinophils, block IL-2 production (TB/candidiasis reactivation)

Question 20

Chvostek sign

Answer 20

tap facial nerve and fascial muscle contract (=hypocalcemia)

Question 21

Trousseau sign

Answer 21

Prolonged BP cuff causes carpo-pedal spasm (=hypocalcemia)

Question 22

Increased pH

Answer 22

causes hypocalcemia

Question 23

24,25-(OH)2 D3

Answer 23

Inactive form

Question 24

RANK-L

Answer 24

• receptor activator of NF-KB ligand

- increased by PTH (along with macrophage CSF)

Question 25

Hypomagnesemia (causes/effect)

Answer 25

- Diarrhea, aminoglycosides, diuretics, alcohol abuse | - slight=increased PTH, significant=decreased PTH

Question 26

Low phosphorus

Answer 26

Increased 1,25(OH)2D3 production

Question 27

cAMP

Answer 27

FLAT ChAMP | - FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon

Question 28

cGMP

Answer 28

ANP, BNP, NO (EDRF)

Question 29

IP3

Answer 29

GOAT HAG | GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH, Histamine (H1), Angiotensin II, Gastrin

Question 30

Intracellular receptor

Answer 30

VETTT CAP | VitD, Estrogen, Testosterone, T3/T4, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone

Question 31

Intrinsic tyrosine kinase

Answer 31

Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF | Ras-Raf-MAPKK-MAP kinase pathway

Question 32

Receptor-associated tyrosine kinase

Answer 32

PIGG(L)ET - Prolactin, Immunomodulators (cytokines, IL-2, IL-6, IFN), GH, G-CSF, Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin (acidophils and cytokines) (JAK/STAT pathway)

Question 33

Increased SHBG in men

Answer 33

Gynecomastia

Question 34

Decreased SHBG in women

Answer 34

hirsutism

Question 35

Thyroid hormone effect on energy metabolism

Answer 35

Increased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis

Question 36

T3/T4 -ve fb

Answer 36

Decreases sensitivity of ant. pit. to TRH

Question 37

Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Answer 37

Temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase (decreases organification)

Question 38

Decreased TBG

Answer 38

Hepatic failure, steroids

Question 39

Increased TBG

Answer 39

Pregnancy or OCP use

Question 40

Propylthiouracil

Answer 40

Inhibits peroxidase and 5-deiodinase

Question 41

Methimazole

Answer 41

Inhibits peroxidase

Question 42

Peripheral T4-T3 conversion

Answer 42

5-deiodinase

Question 43

Prolactin inhibits...

Answer 43

GnRH