energy

Question 1

what is energy

Answer 1

the basic constituent of the universe and its the capacity to do work

Question 2

work is powered by

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

what is thermodynamics

Answer 3

study of energy transformations that accompany physical and chemical changes

Question 4

what are bioenergetics

Answer 4

branch that deals with living organisms

Question 5

bioenergetics is imp for

Answer 5

understanding biochemical reactions

Question 6

enthalpy

Answer 6

total heat (delta H)

Question 7

entropy

Answer 7

state of disorder (delta s)

Question 8

free energy

Answer 8

energy available to do chemical work (delta g)

Question 9

energy exchange

Answer 9

heat or work

Question 10

energy

Answer 10

equal to enthalapy H= q+w

Question 11

H is -ve

Answer 11

gives off heat and is exothermic

Question 12

H is +ve

Answer 12

takes in heat and is endothermic

Question 13

H is zero

Answer 13

no heat exchanged: isothermic

Question 14

free energy delta G

Answer 14

related to delta H

Question 15

free energy

Answer 15

used to predict spontaneity

Question 16

-ve delta g

Answer 16

spontaneous and exogernic

Question 17

+ve delta g

Answer 17

nonspontaneous and endergonic

Question 17

delta g is zero

Answer 17

equilibrium

Question 18

standard free energy

Answer 18

ph=7 25c

Question 19

biochemical reactions need to proceed

Answer 19

if delta g is +ve

Question 20

free energy are

Answer 20

additive

Question 21

external energy is provided by

Answer 21

ATP hydrolysis

Question 22

spontaneous aggregation of non-polar

Answer 22

negative delta g

Question 23

aggregation decreases the surface area

Answer 23

of their contact with water

Question 24

why is Spontaneous exclusion of water imp

Answer 24

for membrane formation and protein folding

Question 25

2 reactions provide energy and drive metabolic processes

Answer 25

phosphorylation and redox

Question 26

phosphorylation

Answer 26

inorganic group bonds w another molecule (ATP)= product is adenosine diphosphate

Question 27

redox reaction

Answer 27

transferred from reduced to oxidized (NADH,NADPH,FADH2)

Question 28

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 28

nucleotide plays and extraordinarily imp role in living cells

Question 29

hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 29

ATP->ADP+Pi for free energy

Question 30

drives reactions to several types

Answer 30

-biosynthesis of biomolecules -active transport across membrane -mechanical work such as muscle contraction

Question 31

whats ATP

Answer 31

a nucleotide composed of adenine, ribose and triphosphate

Question 32

structure of ATP

Answer 32

2 terminal phosphoryl groups linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, facilitate ATP hydrolysis

Question 33

ATP undergoing hydrolysis

Answer 33

phosphoryl group tranfer potential

Question 34

ATP acts as an energy

Answer 34

cuz it can carry phosphoryl groups from high energy to low energy

Question 35

why ATP is exergonic

Answer 35

-has multiple -ve charges, resonance stabilization products of ATP hydrolysis more stable

Question 36

resonance stabilization

Answer 36

when a molecule has 2 or more alternative that differs only in position of their electrons

Question 37

why ATP is exergonic

Answer 37

hydrolysis is more solvated, increase in disorder w more molecules

Question 38

NADH, NADPH and FADH2

Answer 38

all electron carriers w reducing power, donate high energy electrons in cellular redox reaction

Question 39

NADH

Answer 39

for energy capturing in the complete oxidation of glucose and fatty acids and yield large amounts of ATP

Question 40

NADPH

Answer 40

donates high energy electrons in biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholestrol, imp antioxidant

Question 41

FADH2

Answer 41

from FAD, large variety of redox reactions

Question 42

FAD2 most imp roles

Answer 42

citric acid cycle and a product of fatty acid degradation