water Flashcards
(33 cards)
water (polar)
bent geometry(tetrahedral) cause of the unshared electron pairs O2 is more electronegative than H2
O2
partial negative
H2
partial positive
bond
polar and is dipole because -ve and +ve charges are separate (uneven distribution)
hydrogen bond
with O, N, F. has electrostatic and covalent characteristics
noncovalent
electrostatic between +ve nucleus of an atom and -ve electron cloud has cumulative effects
noncovalent bonds
ionic interaction, van der waals, hydrogen bonds
ionic interaction
opposite charges attract form salt bridges
h-bond
electron deficient hydrogen attracted to unshared electrons of other oxygen or nitrogen, more h-bonds= extended network
van der waals
between neutral, permanent, induced dipoles. (dipole-dipole, dipole- induced dipole, induced dipole-induced dipole)
dipole-dipole
equal distribution of ion (permenant)
-ve and +ve attract
dipole-induced dipole
unequal distribution
induced dipole- induced dipole
same type of molecules stable for a short moment (weakest)
water
ideal biological solvent, dissolve ionic and polar substances
structured water
molecules do not flow freely, associated with macromolecular components, forms 3D bridges
sol-gel transition
cytoplasm is a gel it transitions from gel to sol
amphipathic molecules
polar and nonpolar forms micelles when mixed with water important for forming cellular components
non-covalent bonds
protein (a.a polymer) forms a 3D structure of proteins
osmotic pressure
passage of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane separates diff concentration
osmotic pressure
for stopping the net flow of water across the membrane depends on solute conc and net movement exerted on both sides of membrane
isotonic solution
does not change in cell volume
hypotonic
causes cell to rapture more water enters than leaves
hypertonic
causes cell to shrinkage more water leaves than enters
K+ and Na+
K<Na so its easier to remove it needs more energy to remove Na as a result its unequal (asymmetry)
