lipids

Question 1

what are lipids

Answer 1

substances from living things that dissolve in nonpolar solvents

Question 2

what are lipids used for

Answer 2

energy storage, mm structure, chemical signals, vitamins, pigments

Question 3

Lipids can be subdivided into the following classes:

Answer 3

1. Fatty acids
2. Triacylglycerols
3. Wax esters
4. Phospholipids
5. Sphingolipids
6. Isoprenoids

Question 4

what are fatty acids

Answer 4

Monocarboxylic acids that typically contain
hydrocarbon chains of variable lengths

Question 5

how are fatty acids numbered

Answer 5

from carboxylate end and, a-carbon is adjacent to carboxylate group

Question 6

what is denoted the omega (ω) carbon

Answer 6

Terminal methyl carbon

Question 7

palmitic acid

Answer 7

CH3(CH2)12CH2COOH (16:0)

Question 8

stearic acid

Answer 8

CH3(CH2)12CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH (18:0)

Question 9

oleic acid

Answer 9

H H
| |
CH3(CH2)4C=C(CH2)7COOH (18:1)

Question 10

linoleic acid

Answer 10

CH3(CH2)4CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7COOH (18:2)

Question 11

a-linolenic acid

Answer 11

CH3CH2CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7COOH (18:3)

Question 12

arachidonic acid

Answer 12

CH3(CH2)3-(CH-CH=CH)-(CH2)3COOH (20:4)

Question 13

what do most naturally fatty acid have

Answer 13

even numbers of carbons in an unbranched chain

Question 14

Fatty acids that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds are

Answer 14

saturated

Question 15

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds are

Answer 15

unsaturated

Question 16

cis

Answer 16

like group on same side

Question 17

trans

Answer 17

like groups are on opposite sides

Question 18

double bond in naturally occurring fatty acids are

Answer 18

cis cause a kink in fatty acid chain

Question 19

unsaturated fatty acids are

Answer 19

liquid at room temp

Question 20

saturated fatty acids are

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

monounsaturated fatty acids have

Answer 21

1 double bond

Question 22

polyunsaturated fats have

Answer 22

2 or more

Question 23

plants and bacteria can

Answer 23

synthesize all fatty acids they require from acetyl-CoA

Question 24

omega-6-fatty acids

Answer 24

linoleic acid and its derivatives

Question 25

omega-3-fatty acids

Answer 25

a-linoleic acid and its derivatives (promote cardiovascularlar health)

Question 26

diets w omega 6 and 3 fatty acids

Answer 26

lower blood levels of triacylglycerol and bp and platelet pressure

Question 27

what are Essential fatty acids are used as

Answer 27

structural components, precursors from imp metabolites

Question 28

what are fatty acid's imp chem properties

Answer 28

-react w alcohols to form esters -Unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds can undergo hydrogenation reactions to form saturated fatty acids -Certain fatty acids are covalently attached to proteins called acylated proteins

Question 29

what configuration do fatty acid double bond have

Answer 29

cis

Question 30

trans fatty acids are common in nature

Answer 30

false

Question 31

what is hydrogenation treatment used for

Answer 31

converting polyunsaturated plain oils into margarine to trans double bond

Question 32

what do acyl groups do

Answer 32

help facilitate the interactions between membrane proteins and their hydrophobic environment

Question 33

what are Myristoylation and palmitoylation

Answer 33

most common form of protein acylation

Question 34

what do Myristoylation and palmitoylation do

Answer 34

influence a variety of structural and functional properties of protein

Question 35

where are hydrophobic fatty acid molecules transported from

Answer 35

fat cells to body cells for energy yielding redox reaction (acylation of water-soluble serum proteins)

Question 36

what are eicosanoids

Answer 36

diverse group of powerful hormone-like molecule produced in most mammalian tissues

Question 37

what r the 3 major typers of eicosanoids

Answer 37

-prostaglandins -thromboxanes -leukotrienes

Question 38

eicosanoids goes through wide variety of physiological processes which are

Answer 38

smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, pain perception, and blood flow regulation