Energy Balance

Question 1

What happens when energy intake and expenditure are not equal?

Answer 1

When energy intake and expenditure are not equal, a change in body energy content occurs. Negative energy balance occurs when energy expenditure exceeds intake, leading to the utilization of the body’s energy stores. Positive energy balance occurs when intake exceeds expenditure, resulting in an increase in body energy stores, primarily as fat.

Question 2

How can changes in body energy stores influence energy intake and expenditure?

Answer 2

Reduced body fat may lead to increased hunger and decreased energy expenditure

Question 3

Physical activity can increase energy intake, as more energy may be required to fuel the body during intense physical activity. Additionally, physical activity can also increase energy expenditure.

Question 4

Whats the second law of thermodynamics and it’s meaning

Answer 4

The second law states that the entropy (disorder) of the universe increases in natural processes. In biological terms, it means that when food is utilized in the body for various processes, there is always a loss of heat, and some energy is degraded and termed as “entropy.”

Question 5

The components of energy balance are

Answer 5

energy intake, energy storage, and energy expenditure.

Question 6

Explain the concept of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and its significance in energy expenditure.

Answer 6

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum level of energy expended by the body to sustain life in the awake state
BMR accounts for 60-70% of daily energy expenditure and is typically measured after a 12-hour fast,

Question 7

BMR also declines gradually after the age of 25.

Question 8

What is the thermic effect of a meal, and how does it contribute to energy expenditure?

Answer 8

energy expended to digest, metabolize, convert, and store the ingested macronutrients.(Obligatory thermo Genesis)

Typically, the thermic effect of a meal constitutes approximately 10% of the caloric content of the meal.

Question 9

Thermogenic Effects: Certain substances in food, such as nicotine in tobacco or caffeine in coffee, can increase energy expenditure to some extent.

Question 10

BMR and RMR represent the baseline energy requirements of the body at rest, with RMR being the more commonly measured value.
What’s the value
And how many% is RMR higher than BMR
Their diff

Answer 10

RMR is around 4.2 kJ/min. Making up the 2/3 of energy expended by the body
RMR is 3% higher
12 hr fasting b3 test 4 BMR
less subject arousal and non-fasting conditions.