Energy Content Of Fuels

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

Derived from living things

Question 2

Word equation for combustion of fuels

Answer 2

Fuel plus oxygen equals to carbon dioxide plus water

Question 3

What is crude oil mixed up of

Answer 3

Substances that mainly contain hydrocarbons

Question 4

Hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Compound made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 5

Alkelenes and where are they found

Answer 5

Saturated hydrocarbons and found in crude oil this means they are single bonds betweenb carbon atoms and they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

A group ot organic compounds wi5h similiar chemical properties where one member of the series differs from the CH2 group

Question 7

Fractional distillation

Answer 7

Separation of a mixture of liquids into fractions with different being point ranges usually used to separate crude oil

Question 8

How does fractional distillation work for crude oil

Answer 8

Crude oil heated in a furnace to turn it all into vapour and then passing it into fractionated column where it is separated into different reactions with different boiling point ranges
The gases with the lowest boiling point are collected at the top of the column and the fractions with the highest boiling points are collected at the bottom

Question 9

Put names in for approxiqmt3 number of carbon atoms
1-4,5 to 8, 9 to 10, 11 to 12, 13 to 20, 21 to 25, 26 to 28, 29 to 30 and 30 plus

Answer 9

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen

Question 10

Approximate boiling point range
Under 20 40 to 120, 100 to 180,160 to 250, 220 to 350, 320 to 400, 400, over 400, over 400

Answer 10

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen

Question 11

State at room Temp
G, L,L,L,L,L,L,S,S

Answer 11

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen

Question 12

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
Uses

Answer 12

Fuel for industry
Fuels for cars
To make petrochemicals
Fuels for aircraft and domestic heating
Fuel for diesel engines
Fuel for large ships
Fir engine oil to lubricate moving parts
To make candle
For road surfacing and waterproofing

Question 13

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
These are fractions with an increasing number of carbon atoms what happens to the colour

Answer 13

Darkens as number of carbon atoms increases eg petrol is colourless, fuel oil is dark orange Bitumen is black

Question 14

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
Fractions with an increasing number of carbon atoms what is viscosity

Answer 14

Increases as number of carbon atoms increases eg petrol is runny and flows easily whereas fuel oil is thick and viscous

Question 15

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
What us ease of ignition when have an increasing number of carbon atoms

Answer 15

Decreases as number of carbon atoms increases eg petrol ignites easily, fuel oil is difficult to ignite and Bitumen will not ignite

Question 16

Petroleum gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Bitumen
Increase number of carbon atoms
Sootiness of flames

Answer 16

Increases as number of carbon atoms increases
Eg petroleum gases burn clearly with a blue flame Kerosene produces a lot of smoke and soot when burnt

Question 17

Viscocity

Answer 17

A measure of how easily liquid flows, the thicker and less runny the liquid the more viscous it is

Question 18

First 5 alcohol molecules

Answer 18

Methanol
Ethanol
Propane
Butane
Pentane

Question 19

Advantages of methanol and ethanol

Answer 19

These with small carbon atoms make good Fuels as they burn more quickly than liquid hydrocarbon Fuels such as petrol
They can also be ontain3d from renewable energy resources
By using renewable energy resources these help conserve fossil Fuels like crude oil and gas

Question 20

How is ethanol produced

Answer 20

By fermentation and can be used as a fuel for cars

Question 21

What is the burning ethanol equation

Answer 21

Ethanol and oxygen equals to carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

Example of toxic fuel

Answer 22

Methanol attacks nervous system and leads to blindness coma or death
It is used in industry of a solvent or cleaning agent and has some fuel in camping stoves

Question 23

What is the products or combustion
What happens if the air is limited

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete combustion is likely to occur
When this happens carbon monoxide gas and carbon can form
But some fuel may not burn leading to unburnt hydrocarbons

Question 24

Carbon monoxide
What happens if you inhale carbon monoxide

Answer 24

Toxic it is a colourl3ss and odourless gas
The carbon monoxide molecules attach themselves to haemoglobin and means oxygen is no longer able to be carried around the body
This can lead to death

Question 25

What are particulates

Answer 25

Soot

Question 26

What does soot cause

Answer 26

Causes buildings to be dirty and can cuaee global dimming meaning less sunlight can reach the earth As well as respiratory systems

Question 27

What contains sulfur and what happens when they are burnt

Answer 27

Coal crude oil and natural gases The sulfur reacts with oxygen in the air to form the gas sulfur oxide which can cause respiratory systems

Question 28

What makes acidic rain

Answer 28

Sulfur oxide and water produces sulfuric acid

Question 29

Sulfuric acid equation

Answer 29

Sulfur dioxide plus water plus oxygen equals sulfuric acid

Question 30

What does acid rain cause And what are the consequences

Answer 30

Atmospheric pollution Lakes and rovers become acidic Ph of the soil becomes low Limestone building and statues corrode Trees and plants lose their leaves refusing there ability to photosynthesise

Question 31

Symbols for joules kilojoules calories kilocaloeies and kilowatts

Answer 31

J Kj Cal Kcal Kwh

Question 32

What is a calorie

Answer 32

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degrees celcius

Question 33

What is a joule

Answer 33

Measure of the work done or the energy supplied or transformed when a force of 1 Newton moves a perpendicular distance of 1m

Question 34

What is a kilowatt hour

Answer 34

Unit ot energy used by electricity companies when charging for electricity. 1kwh is the amount of energy used by a. 1 kW appliance in 1 hour

Question 35

What are kilocalories

Answer 35

Talk about these type of calories when talking about food.

Question 36

Equation of heat energy

Answer 36

Mass of wate times specific heat capacity of water times temperature rise or water

Question 37

Specific heat capacity

Answer 37

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degrees

Question 38

How to dins the heat energy per gram supplied by the fuel

Answer 38

You got to your calculated heat energy. If the fuel is a pure compound you can use the relative molecular mass of the compound to fins energy supplied in kj mol

Question 39

The equation for heat energy per mole

Answer 39

Calculated heat energy times relative molecular mass of the fuel divide by mass of fuel burnt

Question 40

One problem of apparatus used to find the heat energy supplied by fuel

Answer 40

Not very accurate because not all energy supplied by fuel is transferred to the water. Some heat will be absorbed by the calorimetry and some will be lost in surroundings. Plus it incomplete combustion occurs not all energy available in the fuel is transferred to the water

Question 41

Accurate method of finding heat energy supplied

Answer 41

Is to use a bomb calorimetry. This is designed to reduce heat loss as the apparatus is well insulated. The fuel is also burnt in an atmosphere of pure oxygen to ensure complete combustion

Question 42

What happens when a fuel is burnt

Answer 42

Bonds in the furl and oxygen molecules are broken and new bonds form in the products

Question 43

What happens in a chemical reaction Whag is an exothermic reaction

Answer 43

Energy is needed to break the bonds in the reactants Energy is released when new bonds form in the products When a fuel burns more energy is released when new bonds form than is needed to break the bonds in reactants

Question 44

What is an endothermic reactions

Answer 44

If more energy needed to break the bonds than the energy released when new bonds form

Question 45

Methanol heat energy released

Answer 45

726

Question 46

Ethanol heat energy released

Answer 46

1367

Question 47

Propane heat energy released

Answer 47

2017

Question 48

Butane heat energy released

Answer 48

2675

Question 49

Pentane heat energy releaee

Answer 49

3323