Energy for Action: ATP Flashcards
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?
Measure of the minimum energy requirement of the body at rest to fuel basic metabolic processes. Measured in kJ g-1h-1
Key Points for BMR (3)
- Roughly proportional to the body’s surface area.
- Varies between individuals depending on their age + gender
- Percentage fat accounts for most of these differences.
How is BMR calculated? (2)
Measured by recording oxygen consumption under strict conditions.
- No food consumed 12 hours before measurment
- Body at rest in thermostatically controlled room
In solution what are phosphate ions?
Hydrated as water molecules are bound to them.
How do you make ATP whilst in solution?
→ To make ATP, phosphate must be separated from the water molecules.
-ATP keeps the phosphate separated from water
Is ATP or ADP higher in energy? What energy does it store?
ATP in water is higher in energy that ADP and phosphate ions in water so ATP in water is a way of storing chemical potential energy.
How is the phosphate group released and what is formed? What is needed to break the bond?
→ One phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis, ADP forms
→ Small amount of energy is needed to break the bond holding the end phosphate in the ATP.
What happens after the phosphate has been removed from ATP? What is released? Why?
→ Once removed phosphate group becomes hydrated.
→ A lot of energy is released as bonds form between water + phosphate.
What does the energy released from the hydration of the phosphate do?
→ Some of the energy transferred during hydration of phosphate from ATP will raise the temperature of the cell: some is available to drive metabolic reactions, muscle contraction, protein synthesis or active transport.
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP in water: ADP in water + hydrated phosphate + energy transferred.
