Energy for Exercise Flashcards
What is energy?
the capacity to perform work and can exist in chemical, potential and kinetic forms
Explain chemical energy?
it is in the food we eat and can be stored as potential energy in the body tissues and converted into kinetic energy as we contract out muscles
What can the food we eat be stored as ?
- amino acids
- triglyceriides
- glycogen
What happens when the fuels are metabolised?
they are converted into the compound (adenosine triphosphate)
What is the metabolism?
- chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down
WHat happens when ATP is broken down?
energy is provided for cellular processes such as digestion, nerve transmission and muscular contraction
Where is ATP stored?
in muscle cells
What is the only immediate source of energy for muscular contraction?
ATP
What is ATP made up of?
one adenosine and three phosphates
How is the energy extracted from ATP?
the enzyme ATPase is released which stimulates the final high energy bond to be broken. exothermic reaction releases energy for muscular contraction and leaved adenosine diphosphate and a single phosphate
Give the breakdown of ATP reaction?
ATP –> ADP + P + Enrergy
How long is the store of ATP in the muscle cell?
2-3 seconds
Give the equation for the resynthesis of ATP?
ADP + P + Energy –> ATP
What are the three energy systems that breakdown food fuels to provide energy for ATP resythesis?
- ATP-PC system
- glycolytic system
- aerobic system
What happens if ATP fails to be resynthesised
no energy released for muscular contraction and fatigue will quickly set in
WHen does the ATP-PC system kick in?
during very high-intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores
Explain how the ATP-PC system kicks in?
ATP levels fall dramatically and ADP and P levels rise, trigers release of creatine kinase
What is creatine kinase>
an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine
What is creatine phosphate made up of?
creatine with a high energy phosphate bond
How and where is the PC broken down?
broken down anaerobically in the sarcoplasm
What is a coupled reaction?
where the products of one reaction are used in another
What are the strengths of the ATP-PC system?
- no delay of oxygen
- PC readily available in the muscle cell
- simple and rapid
Weaknesses of ATP-PC system?
- low ATP yield and small PC sotres lead to rapid fatigue
When does the glycolytic system kick in?
during high intensity activity after the first ten seconds of intense activity exhausts PC stores and ATP levels fall
