Learning theories

Question 1

What are the three learning theories?

Answer 1

• operant conditioning theory
• social learning theory
• cognitive learning theory

Question 2

What are the three parts of operant conditioning?

Answer 2

1. trial and error learning
2. SR bond
3. Reinforcement
4. shaping behaviour

Question 3

Explain trial and error part of operant conditioning?

Answer 3

• coach gives skill to learner by giving demo and explaining it
• learner attemps skill many times, making errors and then will complete skill correctly

Question 4

Explain SR bond part of operant conditioning?

Answer 4

• coach trying to get learner to associate a certain response to a certain stimulus - known as stimulus response bond)
• stimulus is the situation presented to performer, the response is how they respond to stimulus
• more skill is practised stronger the SR bond

Question 5

Give two examples of SR bonds?

Answer 5

• tennis, player hits high loopy shot - responce is a smash shot
• rugby, player runs towards you with ball - response is a tackle

Question 6

Explain reinforcement stage of operant conditioning?

Answer 6

• reinfrocement used to shape certain behaviours, makes more likely for behaviour to be repeated
• correct response should be rewarded (positive reinforcement - addition of a positive stimulus (praise))
• negative reinforcement is the removal of negative stimulus (critisism) when correct response is performed
• punishment is the addition of a negative stimulus when an incorrect reponse is performed

Question 7

Explain the shaping behavioru part of operant conditioning?

Answer 7

• through reinforcement, coach is shaping learners behaviour by praising correct response, performer learns they should do the same response, SR bond strengthens

Question 8

Ouline the social learning theory?

Answer 8

suggests that we learn by watching others and copying then.

learn by watching someone do a demo and copying then

Question 9

Which people do we learn off in social learning theory?

Answer 9

• learn skills from people we view are important and we respect - known as significant others
• more likely to copy same gender

Question 10

What things should a demo be to be effective?

Answer 10

• repeated
• technically correct/ accurate
• warm, friendly
• person doing demo, similar age, gender, sport
• needs to be clear

Question 11

What are the four processes of Social learning theory?

Answer 11

• attention
• retention
• motor reproduction
• motivation

Question 12

What is the attention part of SLT?

Answer 12

• observing must pay attention focus of cues of skill

Question 13

Explain retention part of SLT?

Answer 13

• performer must be able to remember the demonstration, therefore needs to create a mental image of it that can be represented, can be done if coach demonstrates/ repeats skill

Question 14

Explain motor reproduction part of SLT?

Answer 14

• oberserver must be physically and mentally able to copy the skill being observed. demo should be matched to the capabilities of the observer

Question 15

Explain motivation part of SLT ?

Answer 15

• level of motivation that the observer has towards learning the skill is important. if they want to learn, more likely to be successful and try hard to copy correctly
• reinforcement will help with this, praising correct performance will make others more motivated to copy it

Question 16

Banduras doll

Question 17

Outline cognitive learning theory?

Answer 17

• suggests learner should be given a problem to solve as a whole rather then teaching them all individual skills for a sport explaining all tactics to them,
  instead you should let them play a game and figure things out for themselves
• this will mean learner uses problem solving to figure out skills, tactics and stratergies they need to use

Question 18

Explain how a learner will use previous experiances in CLT?

Answer 18

• learner will use insight and intelligence to solve the problem presented to them
• learner will use previous experiances to help them

Question 19

Explain how a learner will adapt in CLT?

Answer 19

• theory states that we take into account the environment that we are presented with and we use perception to adapt