Energy Pathway Flashcards
(27 cards)
Exergonic Reaction
Releases energy
Endergonic Reaction
Requires energy
What are some endergonic rxns
-Active transport
- Cell movement
-Anabolism
What are some exergonic rxns
- Cell respiration
-Catabolism
ATP + H2O——>
ADP + P! + H+
ADP + P! + H+———->
AMP + P! +H+
ATP
adenine bonded to a ribose which is attached to a 3-phosphate group
Reduction
gain of one or more electrons
Oxidation
loss of one or more electrons
NAD+
electron acceptor
NADH
electron donor
Reduction of NAD+
endergonic
Oxidation of NADH
exergonic
Electron transport chain
transfers energy from NADH to ATP
fermentation
anaerobic and refers to incomplete oxidation of glucose
C6H12O6—-> 2 lactate + energy
C6H12O6—-> 2 ethanol + 2CO2 + energy
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic and refers to complete oxidation of glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2—-> 6CO2 +6H2O + energy (32 ATP)
Glycolysis
-Occurs in Cytoplasm
– the degradation of glucose into 2 pyruvate and the
production of 2 ATP in the cytosol
Stage 1 of glycolysis (Endergonic)
Glucose—-> glucose-6-phosphate—-> fructose-6-phosphate——> fructose 1,6 phosphate
Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by PFK
Stage 2 of Glycolysis( Exergonic)
Two 3-carbon fragments of GAP are oxidized by removal of H (picked up by NAD+)
* Pi are attached to each oxidized fragment by high-energy bonds
* These terminal phosphates are cleaved off to form 4 ATP; this is called substrate-
level phosphorylation
Pyruvate Oxidation
Oxidation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, NADH and CO2 in mitochondrial matrix
Citric acid cycle
complete oxidation of acetyl CoA into NADH and CO2 and the production of 2 ATP
Oxidatative phsophorylation
production of around 30 ATP and H2O
Citric acid cycle overview
Electron transport
electrons from the oxidation of NADH
and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain
