Enzymes and Metabolism

Question 1

Anabolic pathway

Answer 1

consume energy to build complex molecules from simple compounds

Question 2

Catabolic pathway

Answer 2

release energy for breaking down complex molcules into simple compounds

Question 3

Catalyst

Answer 3

substances that speed up reaction

Question 4

Exergonic reaction

Answer 4

release free energy. G<0

Question 5

Enzymes lower energy barrier

Answer 5

lowers activation energy by enabling reactants to react easily

Question 6

Endergonic

Answer 6

free energy required G>0

Question 7

activation energy

Answer 7

An input of energy initiates the reaction

Question 8

Co-factors

Answer 8

inorganic ions that bind temporarily to certain enzymes and necessary to their function

Question 9

Co-enzymes

Answer 9

organic molecules that are required for the action of one or more enzymes

Question 10

Inhibitors

Answer 10

regulate enzymes: Molecules that
bind to the enzyme and slow reaction rates

Question 11

Irreversible inhibition

Answer 11

Inhibitor covalently
bonds to side chains in the active site—
permanently inactivates the enzyme
Regulation of Enzymes
Amino Acid
Example: DIPF or nerve gas

Question 12

Reversible inhibition

Answer 12

Inhibitor bonds non-covalently to the
enzyme and prevents substrate from binding

Question 13

Allosteric regulation

Answer 13

An effector molecule binds to a regulatory site (not the
active site), inducing the enzyme to change its shape