Macromolecules Flashcards
(21 cards)
Functional groups
Group of atoms with specific chemical properties and consistent behavior
Protein (polymers)
Amino acid (monomer)
Peptide(covalent bond)
DNA(polymers)
Deoxynucleotides(monomers)
Phosphodiester (covalent bond)
RNA(polymers)
Nucleotides(monomers)
Phosphodiester(covalent bond)
Polysaccarhides(polymer)
Monosaccharides(monomer)
Glycosidic(bond)
Condensation reactions
Removal of water links monomers together (creates polymers)
Hydrolysis
Addition of water breaks a polymer into monomers
Carbohydrates
organic molecules made of simple sugars and polymers
What do carbs have
- General formula of Cn(H20)n
- Contains hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one keto-/carbonyl group
Carbohydrate functions
-Store energy
-Transports stored energy with organism
-Structural (gives many organisms shape)
-Recognition or signaling molecules triggering specific biological responses.
Monosaccharides
One simple sugar
ex. glucose, fructose,ribose
Have up to 7 C atoms
Disaccharides
two simple sugars linked by glycosidic bond
Oligosaccharides
several simple sugars (3 to 20)
-often binds to proteins and lipids
Polysaccharides
Many simple sugars combined (>20)
ex. starch, glycogen,cellulose
Aldose
C=O on C1
Ketose
C=O on C2
Starch
energy storage in plants
glycogen
energy storage of glucose in animals
Lipids
hydrocarbon chains with many non-polar covalent bonds
Lipid functions
Fats and oils store energy
