Energy Supply-cae Study

Question 1

Where is it located

Answer 1

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, South America in the north zone

Question 2

Oil (non renewable)

Answer 2

-main source of Brazilian energy
-responsibility for 39.3% of energy
-transport is responsible for 33% of energy use in Brazil
-recently oil discovered in the base of the Atlantic Ocean
—>exports>imports

Question 3

Coal (non renewable)

Answer 3

• coal used for generation of thermal energy and steel industries
• 34%of energy for industry from coal
• low coal quality

—>inadequate for demands of national steel industry
—>imports 60% of its coal consumption

Question 4

Nuclear (non renewable)

Answer 4

-represent only 2.4% of national energy production

-heavily criticised by environmental activists
—>high risk in case of accidents or leaks

Question 5

HEP (renewable)

Answer 5

-the third largest hydroelectric capacity in the world
—>doesn’t produce full capacity

• main source of electricity
• around 70% of electricity consumed in Brazil for HEP

-uses 25% of its HEP energy
—>exports the remaining to Paraguay and Argentina

Question 6

Wind power ( renewable)

Answer 6

Represent only 1.1% of the Brazilian energy production

Expensive to install

Question 7

Biomass (renewable)

Answer 7

Burning organic substance and materials for energy production

Responsible for 7.6% of energy resources

Natural and geographical conditions favourable to procduction of biomass

Cleaner energy , less damage to the environment

Many fields are cleared out for the cultivation of raw material

Question 8

Advantages

Answer 8

-allows socioeconomic development
—>increase GDP by 5% each year over next 10 years

Could provide power for 18 million homes

Encourage and provide infrastructure

Improve sanitation conditions

Increasing oil price
—> HEP is an alternative

Wind farms can’t compete with HEP
—> much smaller scale

Potential to sell more oil to stimulate socioeconomic development

Conservation of areas
—>280 000 has of forest

Capacity to supply electricity to the whole para site

Job opportunities 2500 jobs created
—> mining ,industry ,agriculture

Moves people from dry , overpopulated areas from south towards the north

Question 9

Disadvantages

Answer 9

Human rights of indigenous communities ignored

Over 12000 people are expected to be affected by the dam

80% of the xingu rivers Will be diverted
—> affects the river downstream

Sediment removed from the river
—> increase river velocity
—> erosion further downstream

During 4 months of dry season , dam very inefficient
—> only 10% of its full capacity

Reservoir encourage mosquitoes
—> malaria

Flooding of the rainforest
—> disrupt ecosystem
—> endangered animals: white cheeked spider monkeys

Breeding ground for fish lost

Expense of the dams

Question 10

How to generate energy HEP

Answer 10

Reservoir store water

Dams raise river level

creating drop of water

Turbine turned by the force of water

Generator turned by the turbine produces energy

Question 11

Generating coal and oil energy

Answer 11

Burning coal heat the water up 
Water turns into steam
Steam drives the turbine 
Generator roller spin
Thus produce electricity

Question 12

Wind generator

Answer 12

Captures kinetic energy to electrical energy

Uneven pressure causes the blade to spin around the rotor

Anemometer measures wind speed

Wind vane points at the direction of wind