Industry Flashcards
Inputs
Raw materials, labour,energy, capital
Processes
Processing Raw material, assembling components,packaging, administration
Outputs
Profit, by product, waste, product
Manufacturing
Heavy industry: manufacturing large article in bulk e.g iron and steel
Light industry: manufacturing light, small articles- sometime high tech. E.g phones
Processing
The steps of manufacturing directed to some end, processing raw material reducing bulk and increasing value
Assembly
The industry that put the components together. Components may be made elsewhere
High-technology industry
Companies that make technological products
Market oriented
Where the location is drawn to the market , reducing transport cost
Raw-material oriented
Where the location is drawn to the material, reducing transport
Capital intensive
Requires lots of money , investing a high amount on machine-a ratio
Labour intensive
A large work force of different skills but not necessarily expensive- a ratio
National
Many small firms only manufacturing in one country
Trans-national
Large companies in more than two countries
Factor affecting the location of industrial zones— physical factors
Sites
—> large factories need flat land to build easily
—> land should be cheap, and they may expand
—> unattractive so need to located away from higher class residential districts
Raw materials
—> close to export areas
—> closer to raw material sites to reduce transport cost
Energy
—> widely available but some industries may need cheaper alternatives
—> may use volcanic areas for cheaper power supplies
—> sites near coal mines and river used to be favoured
Natural route ways
—> certain chemical production needs more than a normal main supply
—> may locate near river or borehole
Climate
—> some e.g aerospace benefits from sunny climate
—> may allow lower heating bills for industrial and a better quality of life
Factors affecting the location of industrial zones—human factors
Capital
—> businesses, banks and government are more likely to invest in some areas than others
Government influence
—> can affect sites by providing incentives or deny them planning permission
—> will move to avoid high taxation or may offer incentives
Market
—>the location and size of market is a major influence for some business
Transport and communications
—> transport cost are more expensive for bulky items
—> access to airports, ports, motorways may be crucial for some industries
Labour
—>quality and cost of labour are most important instead of quantity
—> the reputation and turnover is also important
—>those need high intensive will locate near poorer area whilst high IT workers will be in better areas
Quality of life
—> highly skilled personnel who have a choice of where they work will favour areas where quality of life is higher
—> may desire areas with more leisure activities
