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Geography > Food Production > Flashcards

Food Production Flashcards

1
Q

Pastoral farming

A

The rearing of animals

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2
Q

Livestock

A

Animals that are domesticated and reared on a farm

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3
Q

Arable farming

A

The growing of crops

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4
Q

Crops

A

Type of plants that are grown on a farm eg. Wheat, corn , rice and barley

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5
Q

Mixed farming

A

Farming that rears and cultivate(grows) crops

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6
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming that involves only rearing enough animals or growing enough crops to support immediate friends and family.

—>the crops are called “subsistence crops” a surplus maybe produced time to time which is sold

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7
Q

Sedentary farming

A

Farming that takes place in a permanent location. The farm and the farmer stays in the same place every year

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8
Q

Shifting cultivation

A

Farming that moves from one location to another every couple of years

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9
Q

Aquaculture

A

The farming of aquatic plants and animals eg mussel, fish and seaweed

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10
Q

Commercial farming

A

Farming purpose of making profit

Typically large scale the crops produced are called “cash crops” and sold for money

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11
Q

Nomadic farming

A

Farming that moves from one place to another usually with the rainy season to find water and grazing areas for animals

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12
Q

Human inputs

A
  • labour
  • machinery (tractors etc)
  • buildings( barns,silos)
  • seed to grow crops
  • animal feed
  • fertiliser and pesticides
  • calves,chicks, piglets

Government influence

Market influence

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13
Q

Physical inputs

A

Soil- if soil is fertile then arable farming is likely to happen, if it less fertile and can only support grass then pastoral farming is likely to occur

Precipitation- water that helps water the crops

Sun-energy to help plants and animal to grow

Alluvium-this is mineral and nutrient sediment that is transported by rivers and deposited in flood plain in times of flood

Flood water-floods not only bring alluvium but also water to keep ground moist

Relief- if land is flat then it is easier for arable farming to occur.if land is hilly then pastoral farming is more likely to occur

Drainage-important that the fields are well drained so they aren’t permanently flooded apart from rice most crops and animals can’t survive bring permanently submerged

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14
Q

Processes

A

Rearing- caring for and support of animals to maturity

Shearing- removing of wool form animals, normally sheep

Ploughing- turning over the land and preparing it for planting seeds

Fertilising -adding chemicals to the soil to try and make it more fertile

Weeding-removing alien plants from crop field

Irrigating- watering land

Cultivating-to care for and grow crops

Harvesting-the collection of crops at the end of the growing season

Slaughtering- the killing of animals once they have reached maturity and ready to sell

Planting-putting seeds into the ground

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15
Q

Outputs

A

Profits

Meat products (pork,lamb,chicken,beef,wool)

Milk

Waste (animal excrement)

Methane (mainly from cows)

Crops (corn,wheat, carrots, potatoes)

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16
Q

Intensive farming

A

Where large amount of produce is generated form small area of land

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17
Q

Extensive farming

A

Where is small amount of produce is generated from a large area of land

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18
Q

The influence of natural and human inputs on agricultural land use

NATURAL FACTORS

A

Temperature (affected by latitude, altitude and distance from the sea)

Precipitation

Steep land slope make machinery difficult, only suitable for sheep

Soil needs to be fertile for it to be effectively farmed

Flat areas

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19
Q

The influence of natural and human inputs on agricultural land use

HUMAN FACTOR

A

Economic:
Transport-cost of growing different crops in different areas

Markets-prices for products can change year on year

Capital-investment in machines can be expensive, limiting consumer demand

Technology-requires investment but is vital for food security

Social:
Tradition- farmers in certain regions tend to produce things the same way

Land tenure- inheritance laws have banned equal division of land to stop subsistence farming

Government policies- the government may control surplus, loans and income supplements or own the land

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20
Q

Scale of production

A

Farms in MEDCs may be run by large companies-economies of scale, reducing the unit of cost of production and wiping out smaller farms -high capital allows them to acquire lots of land

LEDC may have smaller farmers due to spoilt of inheritance

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21
Q

Methods of organisation

A

Commercial farming- is highly modernised eg auto magic drivers and chemical sprays, systematic, high capital intensive

Subsistence farming- focuses more on tradition doing things by themselves

22
Q

Products of agriculture system

A

Commercial farms-will produce things Ona massive scale, but may be focused on selected few crops

Subsistence farms- will focus on small amount of products, but may have wider range of products

23
Q

Causes of food shortages natural

A
  • desertification
  • landslide
  • pest
  • marginal land
  • unsuitable land
  • inappropriate climate eg drought
  • tropical storms
  • flooding
24
Q

Causes of food storages economic

A
  • poor transport reduces incentives
  • high prices due to shortages
  • debt
  • war
  • poor economy limits government support in investment
25
Q

Causes of food shortages human

A

High birth rate

High population density

Over population

Weak workforce means not enough suitable people to farm

Soil erosion/soil exhaustion

26
Q

Effects of food shortages

A

Malnutrition, which increase proneness to disease and limits their physical/intellectual potential, reducing their incentive to work, leading landlocked countries into a cycle

—> leads to scurry,rickets and protein deficiency leading to bone deformities/swelling

Reduces quality of life

Reduces incentive to work

More likely to fall ill

Land may be well tended

Other economic production may fall further

Increased in food prices

Crime increased like looting

27
Q

Programmed solution to food shortages

A

FOOD AID
Relief food aid- given during crisis
Programme food aid- given to local governments to sell
Project food aid - targeting specific groups in a country
—> positive
-keeps people alive

—> negative

  • dependant on aid overly can worsened situations and damage the agriculture economy
  • expensive( transport)

Green revolution

  • created the HYV boosting yield 2-4 times
  • brought resistance to disease, more responsive to fertiliser and a shorter growing season
  • farmer educated and offered credit to buy machinery

Positives

  • long term planning
  • diet more varied
  • farming income has increased

Negative

  • mechanization increased rural employment
  • fertiliser affect economy and environment
  • benefitted middle and higher income farmer
28
Q

Solutions to food shortages

A

Building small wells to provide water for irrigation

Planting trees to conserve soil

Inter cropping to limit rainfall runoff

Improved food storage to allow it to last longer and be projected

29
Q

Factors affecting food supply

A

Climate
—> higher temperatures and unreliable rainfall makes farming difficult

Technology
—> improvement in technology have increased the amount of food available

Pest and diseases
—> pesticides have increased crop yield
—-> farmers in LIC cannot afford them

Water stress
Irrigation system provide water for countries with unreliable or low rainfall

Conflict
—> war forces farmer to flee their land or to fight in conflict. Food can be sued as a weapon with enemies cutting food supplies in order to gain ground

Poverty
—> when people have less money they can’t afford they become unable to work, families in developing countries spend much of their income on food

30
Q

Impacts of food insecurity

A

Famine

Soil erosion

rising prices

Social unrest

31
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Plots of small land

Output are small

Too poor to buy fertilizer

Farmer use traditional method

Only provide food for families

There is no market for crops produced

32
Q

Factors that will effect the farmer use of land

A

Flat land

Soil fertility

Amount of precipitation

Temperature

Lengths of growing seasons

Price of product

Amount of land available

Capital available

33
Q

How to increase production yield

A

Farm the land more intensively

Use fertiliser

Irrigation

Pesticides

Use better quality seeds

More mechanization

Contour ploughing

Increase in amount of land used

Crop rotation

Terracing

34
Q

Explain how farming can cause soil erosion

A 
Overgrazing
Over cultivation
Removal of vegetation 
soil is bare
Washed away by the rain
Soil exhaustion

Ploughing up and down

Tractors

35
Q

Short term response food shortages

A

Food aid

Government grants
—>better seed quality
—>fertiliser
-pesticides

36
Q

Long term food shortages

A

Provide irrigation

TNC investment to create jobs to people can buy food

Reduce corruption

Anti Natalie policy

Better storage

Mechanisation

Ploughing

Edcate farmers about crop rotation

37
Q

Reasons why countries experience food shortages

A

Infertile soil

Droughts

Overpopulation

War

Tsunami

Can’t afford fertiliser/pesticides

Volcanis eruption

Tropical storms

Lack of transportation to rural areas

38
Q

Methods which can be used to reduce food shortages

A

Irrigation

Fertiliser

Pesticide
Herbicides

High quality seeds

Mechanic

Improve in food storage

Terracing

39
Q

Increase arable land

A

Irrigation

Terracing hill sides

Deforestation

Use of machinery

HYV crops

40
Q

Subsistence farmers

A

Small plot of land

Output small

Too poor to buy machinery or fertilizer

They use traditional methods

Their only way of providing food for their family

Many live on remotes areas

No market for crops produced

41
Q

Explain the changes occur in percentage of primary , secondary and Teri that employment as country becomes more developed

A

Primary sector reduced
As importance of agriculture declines

Secondary sector increased
Manufacturing industry are introduced
However manufacturing will eventually begin to reduce of importance

Teritiary sector increased

Growth of service

42
Q

Advantages of mixed farming

A

If crops fail the farmers will be able to depend on animals

Animal manure can be used for crops

Animals can plough

Can adapt to demand

Crop waste can be used for animal feed

Farmers can use all types of land

43
Q

Explain the natural environment influence agriculture land use

A

Soil

  • > poor soil will be used for grazing
  • > good soil used to grow crops

Relief

  • > flat land crops can grow
  • > stepper area may be for grazing

Sunshine
-> crops will grow if there is enough sun

Temperature

  • > cold area possible to graze sheep’s
  • > crop aren’t able to grow in cold areas
  • : warm temperatures for growth of crops

Precipitation
-> large amount of rainfall is needed for rice growing

44
Q

Different strategies can be used in short term and long term to provide solution to food shortages

A

Emergency famine relief

Improved road network

Provide irrigation

Government grants

Better seed quality

Fertiliser

Pesticides

Ploughing

Reduce corruption

Crop rotation

Mechanisation

45
Q

Causes of soil erosion

A

Deforestation

Grazing by animals

Removes vegetation cover

Over cultivation

Soil dried out by the drought
—> so it can be blown away by the wind

Heavy rainfall

46
Q

Reasons why countries experiencing food shortages

A

Drought

Infertile soil

Increasing population

Crop diseases

War

Tsunami

Volcano eruption

Can’t afford fertiliser

47
Q

Impacts of food shortages

A

Death

Conditions such as scurvy , rickets

People too weak to work

Can’t resist diseases

More looting crime increasing

Increased food prices

48
Q

Different strategies food shortages

A

Emergency famine relief

Improve road

Use land for food crops for local people rather than export

Provide irrigation

Government grants

Better seed quality

Fertiliser

Pesticides

Better storage

Reduce corruption

49
Q

Suggest reasons why many farmers carry out intensive farming

A

More profit

Higher yield

Smal area used

Afford fertiliser

Many access to many workers

50
Q

Explain why war may cause food shortages

A

Farmer have to in army

Crops destroyed

Unsafe to farm due to bombings

Money on the army

Unable to transport food

Market destroyed

Increased food prices

People unable to work so cannot afford food

51
Q

Explain how other economic and political factors may cause food shortages in a country

A

Lack of investment in agriculture

Poor road system

Many farmers produce cash crops

Aid is poorly distributed

People cannot afford food due to unemployment

Corrupt government

Cannot afford to import food

52
Q

Explain why there are food shortages in some parts of the world

A

Poverty

Drought

War

Soil erosion

Infertile soil

No precipitation

Corrupt government

Poor storage

Natural disaster

Geography (41 decks)

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