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Medicine Year 5 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Bilateral age related sensorineural hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

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2
Q

presenting complaint of presbycusis

A

cannot follow conversations

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3
Q

bilateral conductive hearing loss at 20-30 years with associated tinnitus and vertigo

A

otosclerosis

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4
Q

inheritance of otosclerosis

A

autosomal dominant

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5
Q

otoscopy finding in otosclerosis

A

flamingo tinge

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6
Q

pathophysiology of otosclerosis

A

normal bone is replaced by vascular spongey bone

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7
Q

conductive hearing loss at 2 years

A

otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

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8
Q

3 complications of glue ear

A

speech and language delay
behavioural problems
balance issues

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9
Q

2 conditions requiring immediate ENT referral for glue ear

A

downs or cleft palate

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10
Q

name 4 ototoxic drugs

A

aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
furosemide
aspirin
cytotoxic drugs

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11
Q

bilateral high frequency hearing loss in a factory worker

A

noise damage

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12
Q

explain the meaning of rinne negative and positive

A

negative is abnormal (bone > air)
positive is normal (air > bone)

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13
Q

explain webers results in unilateral sensorineural and conductive hearing loss

A

conductive: weber localises to the affected side
sensorineural: weber localises to the unaffected side

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14
Q

most common organism in otitis media

A

h. influenzae

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15
Q

when do you give abx in otitis media

A

if perforation, systemically unwell or under 2 years

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16
Q

what abx are given in otitis media

A

5 day amoxicillin

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17
Q

management of otitis externa

A

topical steroid and abx drops

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18
Q

difference in management of otitis externa in diabetes

A

ciprofloxacin to cover pseudomonas

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19
Q

perforated tympanic membrane for 6w

A

refer to ENT for myringoplasty

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20
Q

management of acute sensorineural hearing loss

A

immediate ENT referral
high dose oral prednisolone
MRI, audiology

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21
Q

most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

idiopathic

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22
Q

criteria for cochlear implant in adults

A

failed trial of hearing aid

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23
Q

sudden onset vertigo post viral infection with loss of hearing

A

viral labyrinthitis

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24
Q

recurrent vertigo attacks post viral infection with no hearing loss

A

vestibular neuronitis

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25
examination findings for vestibular neuronitis
horizontal nystagmus
26
treatment of vestibular neuronitis
prochlorperazine in acute phase then vestibular rehabilitation exercises
27
gradual onset of vertigo triggered by changes in head position which last 1-20 seconds
BPPV
28
diagnosis and treatment of BPPV
Diagnosis: Dix Hallpike Treatment: Epley
29
what would the dix hallpike test show in BPPV
rotatory nystagmus
30
elderly patient with dizziness on neck extension
vertebrobasilar ischaemia
31
recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and sensioneural hearing loss lasting 30-60 mins with a sensation of fullness/roaring in the ear
Meniere's disease
32
examination findings in meniere's disease
Romberg positive Nystagmus
33
medication to prevent meniere's
Betahistine
34
unilateral vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss with an absent corneal reflex and possible facial palsy
Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
35
association with acoustic neuromas
Neurofibromatosis type 2
36
cranial nerves involved in acoustic neuroma
V: absent corneal reflex VII: facial nerve palsy VIII: hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus
37
what does the HINTS exam distinguish between
vestibular neuronitis and posterior circulation stroke
38
age of onset for cholesteatoma
10-20 years
39
medication which can cause tinnitus
Aspirin/NSAIDS
40
unilateral middle ear effusion in an adult
can indicate nasopharyngeal cancer
41
what is samters triad
1. asthma 2. aspirin sensitivity 3. nasal polyps
42
treatment for nasal polyps
topical steroid
43
unilateral polyps
red flag
44
most common site of bleeding in epistaxis
little's area anterior nasal septum
45
management of epistaxis for a non visible bleeding site
anterior packing
46
management of epistaxis for a visible bleeding site
silver nitrate cautery
47
medication to avoid in peanut allergy
Naseptin
48
management of epistaxis when the nose will not stop bleeding
sphenopalatine ligation in theatre
49
management of ramsay hunt syndrome
7 day oral aciclovir 5 day steroids
50
when would you consider abx and intranasal decongestants in sinusitis
no recovery in 10 days or double sickening
51
management of chronic rhinosinusitis
nasal irrigation with saline
52
what is rhinitis medicamentosa
rebound nasal congestion due to extended decongestant use
53
neck lump after viral infection
reactive lymph nodes
54
rubbery and painless neck lump which worsens with alcohol and is associated with night sweats and splenomegaly
lymphoma
55
neck lump which moves up on swallowing and is associated with thyroid symptoms
thyroid swelling
56
midline neck lump in a 20 year old patient between the thyroid isthmus and hyoid bone which moves up with protrusion of the tongue and can present as painful if infected
Thyroglossal cyst
57
older man presenting with dysphagia, regurgitation, aspiration and chronic cough with a midline lump that gurgles
pharyngeal pouch
58
congenital lymphatic lesion in the neck at birth (commonly the left) which transilluminates
cystic hygroma
59
mobile cyst between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and pharynx presenting in early adulthood with cholesterol crystals and fluid
branchial cyst
60
pathophysiology of branchial cyst
failure of closure of the second branchial cyst
61
multiloculated and heterogeneous lump above hyoid
dermoid cyst
62
what is a cervical rib associated with
thoracic outlet syndrome
63
epidemiology of cervical rib
adult female
64
pulsatile neck mass which does not move on swallow
carotid aneurysm
65
young adult presenting with pancreatitis, orchitis, hearing loss and encephalopathy with a neck lump
mumps viral parotitis
66
facial nerve palsy and parotid swelling
sarcoidosis
67
slow growing painless mobile lump in parotid gland of older female
pleomorphic adenoma
68
management of simple bacterial tonsillitis
10 days of oral pen v
69
tonsillitis with ulnar deviation
quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
70
management of quinsy
IV Abx and surgical drainage consider tonsillectomy in 6w
71
management of a primary and secondary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage
for both CALL ENT primary (in hrs): return to theatre secondary (5-10 days): abx (commonly infection)
72
what infection is tonsillar SCC associated with
HPV
73
globus, hoarseness, no red flags
laryngopharyngeal reflux
74
management of laryngopharyngeal reflux
trial of PPI
75
management of 3w hx of mouth ulcer
2ww to oral surgery
76
name 4 causes of gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers and AML
77
what is ludwigs angina
rare infection of mouth floor and neck and soft tissues
78
treatment of acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
paracetamol metronidazole chlorhexidine mouthwash
79
what is mastoiditis
post auricular inflammation
80
management of mastoiditis
IV Abx immediately (can cause meningitis)
81
what is siaidentitis
inflammation of the salivary glands secondary to obstruction (stones in submandibular gland occlude wharton's duct)
82
episodic facial pain, dry mouth and halitosis
siaidenitis
83
which duct drains the parotid gland
stenses duct

Medicine Year 5 (27 decks)

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