Environmental constraints Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the purpose of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2012?
To achieve sustainable development with economic, social, and environmental goals.
What are the three dimensions of sustainable development in the NPPF?
Economic, Social, and Environmental.
What does the NPPF define as pollution?
Anything that affects land, air, water, or soil quality and may harm human health, the environment, or general amenity.
What are common sources of air pollution from human activities?
Burning of fossil fuels, emissions from industry and transport.
Name some health effects of long-term air pollution exposure.
Respiratory illness, heart disease, cancer.
What legislation governs air quality in the UK?
Environment Act 1995, Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010, National Emission Ceilings Regulations 2002.
Name 4 key pollutants covered by UK air quality regulations.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), PM10/PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide.
What are common sources of water pollution on construction sites?
Diesel, oil, cement, glues, paints, and toxic chemicals.
How can construction sites prevent water pollution?
Secure materials, cover drains, collect/treat wastewater, keep roads clean.
What are three government-defined levels of noise exposure?
No observed effect, Lowest observed effect, Significant observed adverse effect.
List some effects of noise pollution.
Hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbance, decreased productivity.
How can noise pollution from construction be reduced?
Limit working hours, change methods, use sound barriers, monitor noise levels.
What does Part 6 of the NPPF focus on?
Delivering a wide choice of high-quality homes.
What does Part 7 of the NPPF emphasize?
Requiring good design and attractive, well-integrated developments.
What is the purpose of Part 9: Protecting Green Belt land?
To prevent urban sprawl and preserve the countryside.
What considerations are covered in Part 10 of the NPPF?
Climate change, flooding, and coastal change.
How should developments adapt to climate change under the NPPF?
Through location, design, renewable energy use, and managing overheating risks.
What should planning authorities do regarding flood risk?
Apply a risk-based approach, avoid high-risk areas, ensure long-term safety.
What is the aim of Part 11 of the NPPF?
To conserve and enhance the natural environment.
What is addressed in Part 12 of the NPPF?
Conserving and enhancing the historic environment.
What does Part I of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 cover?
Protection of wild birds, animals, plants, and habitats.
What is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
To assess and mitigate environmental impacts of proposed developments.
Name three types of developments that may require an EIA.
Power stations, transport projects, large industrial processes.
What is included in an Environmental Statement?
Development details, emissions, policy compliance, alternatives, likely impacts.
