Environmental Physiology

Question 1

5 Environmental factors

Answer 1

Temperature
Water (Humidity)
Wind
Pressure (above or below sea level)
Light (affects breeding and reproduction)

Question 2

Thermal environment

Answer 2

large factor of animal productivity
1. species group respond differently to thermal conditions
2. differences within species
long and short term adaptations

Question 3

Thermal Stress

Answer 3

• Produced by a set of conditions
• Environmental stress is the same for everyone
• STRESS challenges——-STRAIN kills

Question 4

Thermal Strain

Answer 4

• Strain is the cost of adjustment to stress
• Environmental thermal Strain is unique to each person
• STRESS challenges——-STRAIN kills

Question 5

What is the control center for thermal regulation

Answer 5

Hypothalamus**

Question 6

Acute Heat Stress involves?

Answer 6

• Nervous system and endocrine system
  (sweating or shivering)
• Its Rapid (happens today or tomorrow)
• Fight of Flight

Question 7

Chronic Heat Stress

Answer 7

• Primarily involves endocrine system; especially thyroid hormone
• Occurs over days

Question 8

What type of animal has a very high body temperature and metabolic rate?

Answer 8

Birds do compared to mammals

Question 9

Hyperthermic occurs when?

Answer 9

when you gain to much heat

Question 10

Hypothermic occurs when?

Answer 10

when you lose to much heat

Question 11

Homeotherms

Answer 11

“warm blooded”
- Adult animals maintain relatively constant water temperature over a wide rage of ambient conditions
- Not true for young animals
(less efficient)

Question 12

4 Problems of maintaining homeothermy?

Answer 12

less efficient

1. High energy intake requirement
2. Elevated metabolism required for maintenance of body temperature and high production level
3. Efficient dissipation of excess heat
4. Greater sensitivity to change in body temperature

Question 13

What degree C does protein begin to break down?

Answer 13

45 degrees C

Question 14

Poikilotherms

Answer 14

“cold blooded” (reptiles, amphibians and snakes)
- allow water temperature to change with ambient conditions but are capable using behavior to maintaining water temperature
(tends to change)

Question 15

Body Heat Balance Equation involves what 6 comonents?

Answer 15

(MR)- Metabolic rate
(W)- Work
(E)- Evaporative transfer
(C)- Convective transfer
(K)- Conductive transfer
(R)- Radient transfer

Heat Storage= MR - W - E - C - K - R (or +)

Question 16

What is the primary source for body heat gain?

Answer 16

Metabolic Component

Question 17

3 Mechanisms of heat gain?

Answer 17

Basal Metabolism
Resting Metabolism
Non-Basal Metabolism