Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes
End of the proteins made up by living cells, they catalyse/increase the rate of chemical reactions inside and outside cells. The enzyme is made up of many amino acids linked in a chain which is folded to form a protein with a specific shape.
The sequence of amino acids determine its function
Explain the lock and key theory
Each enzyme has a specific substrate which fits into the active site a reaction more than occur and the product will be released
What is a enzyme substrate complex
When the substrate fits into the active site an enzyme substrate complex is formed a reaction occurs on the substrate digested to form the products
The effect of a low-temperature on an enzyme
The enzyme substrate will have a low kinetic energy, so there will be less successful collisions between the active site and substrate. Therefore little product is produced.
The effect of optimum temperature on an enzyme
The enzyme and substrate have a higher kinetic energy. Many successful collisions occur between the active site and substrate resulting in a high-level of product.
The effect of a high-temperature on an enzyme
Enzymes active site is becoming denatured although there is a high kinetic energy energy. There is less successful collisions as the active sites are changing shape
eventually each enzyme will be denatured so there will be no product.
How does optimum pH affect the rate of reaction (enzymes)
Ultimate pH, the rate of reaction is highest. Each substrate fits perfectly an enzymes active site.
How does pH almost at optimum affect the rate of reaction (enzymes)
Rate of reaction is less because active site is starting to chase shape so less substrates can fit
How does extreme pH affect the rate of reaction (enzymes)
Rate of reaction has dropped zero enzyme has denatured due to extreme pH substrate can no longer fit in active site
