Enzymes - proteins Flashcards
What are the three basic characteristics
- Increase rate of reaction
- act specifically with only one reactant
- can be used over and over again
Enzymes will decrease…
the activation energy required for a reaction to occur
What is a substrate
- the reactant that an enzyme acts on
- will bind to the active site on an enzyme
What are enzymes sensitive to
environmental conditions
- temp
- pH
What do enzymes need to function
Cofactores (inorganic)
Coenzymes (organic)
What happens if the Protein is above optimal temperature
Bonds will break down
What is denaturation
the protein loses its secondary and tertiary structure
What if the temp is higher or lower
- lower (below 5 degrees): inactive
- Higher (between 5-40 degrees): active
What is a competitive inhabitor
bind to the active site for an enzyme and block the substrate
What is a non competitive inhabitor
bind elsewhere on an enzyme and charge the shape of the active site
What is an allosteric regulation
- enzymes are capable of altering between an active and inactive shape
- allosteric site are recptor sites on an enzyme
What is a disrupt ionic bond
the breaking down of an ionic bond
Substances can bind to the enzyme at sites other then..
the active site and modify its activity (copper)
What is an allosteric activator
binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the protein shape to keep all of the active sites avalible to their substances
What is an allosteric inhibitor
binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the inactive form of an enzyme
