Lipids (FA)

Question 1

How does chemistry drive biology

Answer 1

fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water. Lipids include: Fats and oils (triglycerides)

Question 2

What is the function of a fat

Answer 2

• long term energy storage
• insulation
• protects internal organs
• chemical signals

Question 3

what is the structure

Answer 3

• made of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon)
• hydrocarbon chains are the primary structure
• some other lipids may contain functional groups
• Insoluble in water (nonpolar covalent)
• soluble in non-polar substances

Question 4

What is the structure of triglyceride

Answer 4

a glycerol backbone and three fatty chains

Question 5

Explain glycerol

Answer 5

• three carbon chains and three hydroxyl groups
• One fatty acid chain will bind with each hydroxyl group producing a total of 3 water molecules

Question 6

What is the bond between glycerol molecules and fatty chains called

Answer 6

ester linkage

Question 7

What type of group dose fatty acids have

Answer 7

Carboxyl group

Question 8

Describe a fatty acid chain

Answer 8

• hydrocarbon may be short, medium, and long
• may be saturated or unsaturated
• the length and number of bonds will ultimately determine the specific properties of fat

Question 9

what is the condensation reaction between hydrocarbon and the fatty acids

Answer 9

triglyceride

Question 10

What is a saturated fat

Answer 10

• does not contain a double bond
• straight
• lie flat - strong van der waal force
• solid at room temp

Question 11

Example of a saturated fat

Answer 11

• lard or animal fat

Question 12

Example of a unsaturated fat

Answer 12

• olive oil
• fish oil

Question 13

What is a unsaturated fat

Answer 13

• have one or more double c bonds
• crooked (weaker van der waal force)
• liquid room temp

Question 14

What is MCFA

Answer 14

saturated and unsaturated acids found in high concentrations in food

Question 15

What is a phosphlipid molecules

Answer 15

• have a glycerol backbone
• a phosphate group, a nitrogen group
• two fatty acid chains

Question 16

Structure of phosphlipid

Answer 16

divided in two parts: the tail and the head

Question 17

What does the head of a phosphlipid consists of

Answer 17

• glycerol backbone
• phosphate group
• nitrogen group

Question 18

Is the head of a phosphlipid polar or not polar

Answer 18

polar

Question 19

What is the structure of the tail of the phosphlipid

Answer 19

• 2 fatty chains
• hydrophobic (non-polar)

Question 20

Explain steroids

Answer 20

• hydrophobic moleucles that contain four hydrocarbon rings and various funtional groups
• cholesterol helps help the cell membrane fluid- like

Question 21

Examples of steroids

Answer 21

sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)

Question 22

Explain waxes and the condensation reaction

Answer 22

between a long-chain fatty acid (carboxyl) and a long-chain alcohol (hydroxyl)

Question 23

What is chemically different between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 23

• Saturated fats contain only single bonds in the carbon chain, with all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.
• Unsaturated fats do not have all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.