Proteins (pr-) Flashcards
What is the function of proteins
- structural functions
- direct or control chemical reactions (enzymes)
- transport of substances (hemoglobin RBC)
- Energy
Structure of proteins
joined amino acids chained together creating a polypeptide
What is an amino acid
- have a central carbon atom, an amino group and a carboxyl group
- they differ by their side chains (those determin the property of the amino acid)
Are amino acids polar or nonpolar
they are polar, nonpolar, and electrically charged
How do amino acids bond together
condensation reaction
How are proteins formed between the amino acids
a peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the adjacent amino acid
A polyepeptide will always…
have an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
What is the primary stucture
the order of amino acids in a polypeptide
(crucial to the ultimate shape)
What is the secondary structure
- local folding of the polypeptide
- ewsults from hydrongen bonds between amino acid backbones
Examples of secondary structure
beta-pleated sheet (hydrogen bonding)
What the tertiary structure
- a folding of secondary structures in the polypeptide chain upon themselves
- reluts from interactions between side chains (e.i ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds)
What is the quaternary structure
- when two or more polypeptide chains combine to form a single protein molecule
How does chemistry drive the biology
- A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond.
- Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides. Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, the same from one molecule to the next.
