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Canadian Exam > EPA- Agents > Flashcards

EPA- Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Thermal agents

A

Superficial heat, cold
Diathermy
Therapeutic US

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2
Q

Modes of heat transfer

A

Conduction
Convection
Conversion
Radiation
Evaporation

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3
Q

Cold pack (pro con)

A

Pro- good contact for large areas
Con- not good for small area contact

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4
Q

Ice massage

A

Pro- effect for small and irregular and can see the skin during
Con- time consuming

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5
Q

Cold bath

A

Pro- contour areas
Con- can’t elevate treatment area at the same time

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6
Q

Vapocolant spray

A

Pro- localized and short duration
Con- brief relaeif

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7
Q

Cryocuff

A

Pro- cold and compression
Con- expensive

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8
Q

Effects of cryotherapy

A

Hemodynamic effects
Neuromuscular effects
Metabolic effects
Altered tissue extensibility

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9
Q

Indications for cryotherapy

A

Manage inflammation, edema, pain
Modify spasticity
Manage MS symptoms
Facilitation

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10
Q

Contraindications of cryotherapy

A

Cold hypersensitivity, intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Rayainds
Over a regenerative peripheral nerve
Over compromised circulation areas or PVS

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11
Q

Precautions for cryotherapy

A

Over a superficial main branch of a nerve
Over a open wound
Hypertension
Poor sensation or mental ion
Very young and very old patients

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12
Q

Adverse effects of cryotherapy

A

Tissue death
Frostbite
Nerve damage
Unwanted vasodilation

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13
Q

Thermotherapy types

A

Hot packs
Paraffin wax
Fluidotherapy
Infrared lamp
Contrast bath

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14
Q

Effects of thermotherapy

A

Hemodynamic effects (vasodilation)
Neuromuscular effects (increased never conduction and pain threshold, altered muscle strength)
Metabolic effects (increased rate)
Altered tissue extensibility

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15
Q

Indications for thermotherapy

A

Manage pain
Decrease ROM and stiffness
Accelerate healing

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16
Q

Contain for thermotherapy

A

Malignancy
Recent or potential hemorrhage
Thrombophlebitis
Impaired sensation and mental ion
IR irradiation of eyes

17
Q

Precautions for thermotherapy

A

Acute injury
Inflammation
Edema
Pregnancy
Impaired circulation
Poor thermal regulation
Cardiac insufficieny
Metal i the area
Demylinated nerves
Over an open wound
Over areas with recent application of topical counterirritants

18
Q

Adverse effects

A

Burns
Faintin
Bleeding

19
Q

Therapeutic US

A

High frequency inaudible sounds waves that transmit energy into tissue

20
Q

US effects

A

Thermal
- increase tissu temp (deep)
- accelerate metabolic rate
-pain reduction/ control
(All heat things)

Non-thermal
- enhance tissue healing
- Decrease inflammation
- Increase cell permeability

21
Q

Parameters of US

A

Frequency (depth)
- 1 Hz 5 cm
-3 Hz 1-2 cm
Duty cycle
- 100% (continuous) to increase temp
- 20% (pulse) non-thermal effect
Intensity
- w/ 1Hz and heat, 1.5-2 W/cm
- w/ 3Hz and heat, 0.5 W/cm
- for no thermal use 0.5-1 W/cm
Duration
- 5-10 mins for the treatment area that is 2x the sound head

22
Q

Indications for US

A

Soft tissue shortening (deep heating)
Pain control
Dermal ulcers
Surgical skin incision
Tendon and lig injuries
Resorption of calcium deposit
Bone fractures
Phonophoresis

23
Q

Contraindication US

A

Pregnancy
Pacemakers
Clots (Thrombophlebitis)
Malignant tumor
Joint cement
Plastic components
Eyes
Reproductive organs
CNS tissue

24
Q

Precautions of US

A

Acute inflammation
Epiphyseal plates
Fractures
Breast implants

25
Q

Adverse effects

A

Burns
Infection

26
Q

Diathermy

A

Shortwave or microwave use

27
Q

Effects of Diathermy

A

Enhances recovery and thermal DEEP heat with big area of treatment

28
Q

Indications of diathermy

A

Non-thermal
-Manage pain
-Manage edema
-Soft tissue healing
-Nerve healing
-Bone healing

Thermal
-manage pain
- decreased ROM and joint stiffness
-accelerate healing

29
Q

Contraindications diathermy

A

Pregnancy
Malignancy
Electrical implants
Thrombophlebitis
Tuberculosis
Recently radiated tissues
Heart, anterior neck region, or carotid sinus
Untreated hemorrhagic disorders

30
Q

Precautions diathermy

A

Cardiac disease or failure
Damaged skin
Active epiphysis
Impaired circulation
Infection
Impaired mentation
Regenerating nerves
Heat sensitivity

31
Q

adverse effects of diathermy

A

Burns
Overexposure to electromagnetic radiation

Canadian Exam (56 decks)

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