Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

M2M Unit IV > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cuboidal cells are _____.

A

cube-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The cadherins in _____ link to intermediate filaments.

A

desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Epithelial cells directly connect to _____ by attachment of ______ and focal adhesions on the basal surface.

A

basal laminae; hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ have more than one layer of cells in which cells of the outer layers do not directly contact the basal lamina.

A

Stratified epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cancers derived from ________ are known as adenocarcinomas.

A

glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

One side of an epithelium usually has a free outer or _____ surface.

A

apical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The most common cancers by far are derived from _____, probably because of _____ and their ______.

A

epithelial tissue; damage exposure; high stem-cell driven turnover rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ contain specific cadherins that link to actin filaments.

A

Adherence junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These promote mechanical strength and resist shearing forces and promote the structural organization of the epithelial sheet.

A

desmosomes (macula adherens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Integrins mediate cell-cell linkage by connecting to ____ or _____.

A

actin; intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gap junctions promote rapid communication between _____ through diffusion of ___ and small molecules.

A

epithelial cells; ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ ensure that substances absorbed or secreted must pass through the epithelial cell.

A

Tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta catenin and protein kinases are examples of ______.

A

Cadherin-associated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 2 cadherin-associated proteins.

A

Beta catenin and protein kinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____ are related microtubule extensions that move.

A

Motile cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition?

A

epithelia forming, disassembling, and reforming in new patterns until body morphology and organ morphogenesis are achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The primary function of _____ is to increase surface area.

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are cilia?

A

Microtubule-containing extensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A tissue that faces blood and lymph is called _____ and is made of _____ cells.

A

endothelium; endothelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratified epithelia are named according to their ____.

A

outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are microtubule-containing extensions called?

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pemphigus

A

an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced against components of desmosomes in skin, leading to extensive blistering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

______ (found around the bladder) are a special case: these epithelia are stratified, but when stretched change their shape from cuboidal to squamous, and appear to decrease the layering.

A

Transitional epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The primary function of microvilli is to _____.

A

increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
What is transcytosis?
endocytosis, followed by trans-cellular transport of the vesicle, then exocytosis
19
Motile cilia tend to be found in epithelia of the _____ and in the \_\_\_\_\_.
respiratory tract; oviduct
20
\_\_\_\_\_ are not motile and appear to function in sensory reception.
Sensory cilia
20
\_\_\_\_\_ mediate cell-cell linkage by connecting to actin or intermediate filaments
Integrins
21
The sheets of cells that line the _____ are called the mesothelium.
enclosed internal spaces of the body cavities
22
Nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through _____ and through the basal lamina to reach epithelial cells because epi is \_\_\_\_\_.
connective tissue; avascular
22
A basal lamina is a thin sheet of _____ that underlies the _____ of each epithelial tissue.
extracellular material; basal surface
22
\_\_\_\_\_ must cross the basal surface and basal lamina of the epithelium.
Hormone molecules
23
Primary cilia is a _____ found on many different epithelial cell types.
single non-motile microtubule-based extension
24
Transitional epi is comprised of _____ epithelium that is very resilient and \_\_\_\_\_.
tightly adherent ; stretchable
24
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are generally multicellular and secrete materials onto the apical side of epithelial surfaces.
Exocrine glands
25
Epithelial cell polarity is crucial to allow \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
unidirectional secretion and/or absorption of molecules
26
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are called compound glands.
Multiple branched ducts
27
A tissue that faces ____ and ____ is called endothelium and is made of endothelial cells.
blood; lymph
28
\_\_\_\_\_\_ directly connect to basal laminae by attachment of hemidesmosomes and _____ on the basal surface.
Epithelial cells; focal adhesions
29
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is crucial to allow unidirectional secretion and/or absorption of molecules.
Epithelial cell polarity
31
Squamous cells are \_\_\_\_.
flattened cells
32
Epithelial cells are adherent to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
one another
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are a special case where some cells do not reach the free surface (giving a stratified appearance), but all directly rest on the basal lamina.
Pseudostratified epithelia
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are taller than they are wide.
Columnar cells
36
What is another name for a tight junction?
zonula occludens
37
The sheets of cells that line the enclosed internal spaces of the body cavities are called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mesothelium
37
ulcerative colitis
extensive ulceration and destruction of the absorptive epithelium
39
Transitional epithelia (found around the \_\_\_\_) are a special case: these epithelia are \_\_\_\_\_, but when stretched change their shape from cuboidal to squamous, and appear to decrease the layering.
bladder; stratified
39
Cancers of epithelial origin are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
carcinomas
40
Glands secrete their substances by _____ or \_\_\_\_\_.
total cell disintegration (holocrine); exocytosis
41
What are stereocilia and where are they found?
long, actin-filled microvilli found in the epididymis and in sensory cells in the ear
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_ promote rapid communication between epithelial cells through diffusion of ions and small molecules.
Gap junctions
42
Endocytosis, followed by trans-cellular transport of the vesicle, then exocytosis, is called?
transcytosis
44
\_\_\_\_\_ have all cells arranged in a single layer or sheet.
Simple epithelia
44
Tight junctions ensure that substances absorbed or secreted must \_\_\_\_\_.
pass through the epithelial cell
45
Epithelia cells adhere to and communicate with one another through various \_\_\_\_\_.
cell junctions
47
What is the zonula adherens?
the adherence junctions
48
Mutations in proteins common to cilia or their support structures result in a large set of diseases called \_\_\_\_\_.
ciliopathies
49
\_\_\_\_\_ tend to be found in epithelia of the respiratory tract and in the oviduct.
Motile cilia
50
Multiple branched ducts are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
compound glands
52
Key core proteins of tight junctions are _____ and \_\_\_\_.
occludins; claudins
53
What is the zonula occludens?
a tight junction
55
What is another name for desmosomes?
macula adherens
56
Pseudostratified epithelia are a special case where some cells ______ (giving a stratified appearance), but all \_\_\_\_\_\_.
directly rest on the basal lamina; do not reach the free surface
56
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are transmembrane proteins with extracellular domains that interact with each other and cytoplasmic tails that bind adapters and actin filaments.
Cadherins
57
\_\_\_\_\_ secrete materials onto epithelia-lined surfaces or the outside world.
Exocrine glands
59
\_\_\_\_\_\_ control various aspects of epithelial polarity, development, and function.
Cadherin-associated proteins
60
The _____ of the internal passage ways are generally called \_\_\_\_\_.
moist linings; mucosa
62
Adherence junctions contain specific _____ that link to \_\_\_\_\_.
cadherins; actin filaments
63
Exocrine glands secrete materials onto _____ or \_\_\_\_\_.
epithelia-lined surfaces or the outside world
65
Which organs are comprised mostly of epi cells?
liver, pancreas, kidney
65
\_\_\_\_\_ secrete substances into the blood stream.
Endocrine glands
67
Microvilli are _____ that contain ____ connected to cytoskeletal elements in the cell interior.
cell surface extensions; actin bundles
68
Cadherins are ______ with extracellular domains that interact with ______ and cytoplasmic tails that bind \_\_\_\_\_.
transmembrane proteins; each other; adapters and actin filaments
70
The inner surface of an epithelium, called the ____ or _____ surface, is connected to underlying connective tissue.
basal; basolateral
72
\_\_\_\_ organize and promote signal transduction systems.
Primary cilia
73
Stratified epithelia have ______ in which cells of the outer layers do not \_\_\_\_\_.
more than one layer of cells; directly contact the basal lamina
74
Simple epithelia have all cells arranged in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
a single layer or sheet
75
Name an example of a holocrine gland.
sebatious glands
77
\_\_\_\_\_ are named according to their outermost layer.
Stratified epithelia
78
The surface layer of all mucosae is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
epithelium
79
The cadherins in desmosomes link to \_\_\_\_\_.
intermediate filaments
80
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is comprised of tightly adherent epithelium that is very resilient and stretchable.
Transitional epi
81
A _____ is a thin sheet of extracellular material that underlies the basal surface of each epithelial tissue.
basal lamina
83
Cadherin-associated proteins control various aspects of \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_.
epithelial polarity, development, and function
84
Primary cilia organize and promote \_\_\_\_\_.
signal transduction systems
85
Name 3 kinds of cilia.
1) primary 2) motile 3) sensory
86
Endocrine glands secrete substances into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
blood stream
87
What are 2 other names for endocrine glands?
merocrine or apocrine glands
88
What is another name for the adherence junctions?
zonula adherens
89
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a single non-motile microtubule-based extension found on many different epithelial cell types.
Primary cilia
90
What is the macula adherens?
desmosome
92
What do holocrine glands do?
secrete entire cellular contents
93
The inner surface of an epithelium, called the basal or basolateral surface, is connected to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
underlying connective tissue
94
Key core proteins of _____ are occludins and claudins.
tight junctions
95
Columnar cells are \_\_\_\_\_.
taller than they are wide
96
Exocrine glands are generally _____ and secrete materials onto the _____ of epithelial surfaces.
multicellular; apical side
97
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are flattened cells.
Squamous cells
98
Cancers of ______ are called carcinomas.
epithelial origin
100
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are cube-like.
Cuboidal cells
101
Cancers derived from glandular epithelium are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
adenocarcinomas
102
Hormone molecules must cross the ______ and _____ of the epithelium.
basal surface; basal lamina
103
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are cell surface extensions that contain actin bundles connected to cytoskeletal elements in the cell interior.
Microvilli
104
Motile cilia are related ____ that move.
microtubule extensions

M2M Unit IV (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions