Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Types of Epithelia

Answer 1

surface
glandular

Question 2

Surface epithelia

Answer 2

selective barrier b/t lumen and tissues
covers external/internal surfaces
lines tubes

Question 3

Glandular epithelia

Answer 3

comprise functional components of many solid organs
secrete glandular products
form ducts to carry secretions
generate gametes/foster maturation

Question 4

General Characteristics

Answer 4

highly cellular (little/no ECM)
anchor to basement membrane
polarity (apical/lateral/basal domains)
numerous junctions
avascular (lacks blood or lymph vessels)
intermediate filaments = keratin

Question 5

Basement membrane

functions

Answer 5

structural support
physical barrier
metabolite diffusion
orient direction of growth

Question 6

Basement Membrane

structure

Answer 6

lamina lucida = electron lucent
@ just beneath cells
lamina densa= electron dense
@ beneath lucida
lamina fibroreticularis
@ beneath densa

Question 7

Lamina lucida

compostion

Answer 7

glycoproteins/laminins

Question 8

Lamina densa

composition

Answer 8

collagen IV
sulfated GAGs

collagen IV primary protein of BM
forms mesh

Question 9

Lamina fibroreticularis

composition

Answer 9

collagen III (reticulin)
collagen VII (anchoring fibrils)
small collagen I

connect/anchor densa to connective tissue

Question 10

basal lamina

Answer 10

lucida + densa only

Question 11

basal lamina

function

Answer 11

flexible support
molecular filter

col IV and sulfated GAG’s filter

Question 12

basement membrane

components

Answer 12

basal lamina + lamina fibroreticularis

Question 13

classification of epithelia

Answer 13

shape
number of layers
specializations

Question 14

number of layers subgroups

Answer 14

simple - 1 layer
stratified- 2+
pseudostratified- 1 layer but look stratified

Question 15

simple epithelia

Answer 15

1 layer
all cells touch BM
good for diffusion, absorption, lubrication, secretion

Question 16

stratified epithelia

Answer 16

2+ layers
only basalmost layer touches
structural support, barriers, resist abrasion
largest ducts/conduits

stem cells located in basal layer

Question 17

pseudostratified

Answer 17

1 layer
all cells touch but nuclei at diff levels

Question 18

shape of cells

luminal/superficial layer

Answer 18

squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional

Question 19

specializations

individual cells

Answer 19

cilia, stereocilia, microvilli

Question 20

specializations

superficial layer whole

Answer 20

goblet cells
keratinization

Question 21

types of epithelia

Answer 21

simple squamous
simple cuboidal
simple columnar
pseduostratified columnar
stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified columnar
transitional

Question 22

simple squamous

Answer 22

lens shape, sunny side up eggs
diffusion, lubrication
easy tear

Question 23

simple cuboidal

Answer 23

squarish w/large central round nucleus
small ducts, secretions, absorption

Question 24

simple columnar

Answer 24

tall rectangles
mainly secretion and absorption so GI tract

Question 25

pseduostratified columnar

Answer 25

almost always ciliated, often have goblet, maybe stereocilia
common in trachea, bronchial tree, epididymis, ductus deferens

Question 26

stratified squamous

Answer 26

maybe keratinized or not
resist abrasions and all purpose barrier

Question 27

stratified cuboidal

Answer 27

rare
decent barriers
forms ducts

Question 28

stratified columnar

Answer 28

more rare
basal layer always cuboidal
barriers and largest ducts

Question 29

transitional

Answer 29

4+ layers
rounded like domes when relaxed
stretched when thinner
urinary tract and uterus

Question 30

keritanization

Answer 30

whole apical layer
basal/middle cells = keratin IF

Question 31

goblet cells

Answer 31

whole apical layers
modified columnar cells
secrete mucus

pas positive bc mucus carb rich

Question 32

cilia

Answer 32

individual cell
most common special
hairlike, easy to see LM

Question 33

types of cilia

Answer 33

motile
primary
nodal

Question 34

motile cilia

Answer 34

distinct hair like
active transport
back and forth move or wave

Question 35

types of motile cilia

Answer 35

dynein
basal body
striated rootlet

Question 36

dynein

Answer 36

motor proteins
temporary cross bridges w/adj microtubules

Question 37

basal body

Answer 37

modified centriole 9x3 + 0
stabilizes microtubules, secrete tubulin
dark staining band in LM

Question 38

striated rootlet

Answer 38

anchors cilium into cytoplasm

Question 39

primary cilia

Answer 39

only 1 per cell
sensory antenna
essential for controlling division and normal tissue morphogenesis

non motile bc no motor proteins in every cell of body
9x2 + 0 microtubule array

Question 40

nodal cilia

Answer 40

early stages embryos (primitive node bilaminar disk)
essential in developing left-right asymmetry bc gradient of morphogens from movement

9x2 + 0 arroay with motor proteins

Question 41

Kartagener’s Syndrome

definition

Answer 41

primary ciliary dyskinesia
lack motor proteins

Question 42

Kartagener’s Syndrome

symptoms

Answer 42

bronchiectasis
chronic rhinosinusitis
situs inversus

lady bug missing antennas so look like 8

Question 43

microvilli

Answer 43

short blur along luminal surface
inc apical surface for absorption
nonmotile, most epithelial cells

Question 44

microvilli

structure

Answer 44

core of 20-30 actin filaments
anchored in terminal web of cell cortex with myosin

Question 45

microvilli

myosin

Answer 45

part of terminal web
contract so that bases come together and ends separate

Question 46

stereocilia

Answer 46

NOT CILIA
very long microtubules instead

Question 47

stereocilia

Answer 47

absorption (male reprod)
mechanoreceptors (inner ear)
nonmotile
no myosin