Epithelial Tissues Flashcards
Prelims
1
Q
It has several long secretory portions that join together to drain in 1 duct.
A
Simple Branched Tubular
2
Q
They have epithelial ducts carrying their secretions to specific sites.
A
Exocrine Glands
3
Q
It involves the release of products by means of exocytosis at the apical end of the secretory cells.
A
Merocrine Secretion
4
Q
What are the 4 Basic Tissue Types?
A
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
5
Q
Elaborate the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
A
- Variable in shape and dimensions
- The cells’ size and morphology is dictated by their function.
- Nuclei vary in shape, and corresponds to the cell shape.
- The number and shape of stained nuclei is an indicator of the cells’ shape and density which is an important criterion for classifying epithelia.
- Polarity
- Lie at the basement membrane
- Avascular
6
Q
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Conjunctiva
A
Stratified Columnar
7
Q
What are the 2 main functions of an epithelial tissue?
A
- Lining of surface or body cavities
- Glandular secretion
8
Q
What are the transmembrane link proteins found in gap junctions?
A
Connexins
9
Q
These are larger projecting structures with a well-organized core of microtubules that propel material along a surface.
A
Cilia
10
Q
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Urinary Tract
A
Transitional
11
Q
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Trachea
A
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar
12
Q
Oligosaccharide components of mucus stain well with _________.
A
PAS stain
13
Q
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Skin
A
Stratified Squamous Keratinized
14
Q
A square/cuboid shape of of the cell
A
Cuboidal
15
Q
It faces the lumen (space).
A
Apical Pole
16
Q
How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in epithelial tissue?
A
Small
17
Q
How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in muscle tissue?
A
Moderate
18
Q
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Uterine Tube
A
Simple Columnar
19
Q
A layer of the ovaries and seminiferous tubules.
A
Germinal Epithelium
20
Q
Give an example of Merocrine secretion
A
Most exocrine glands
21
Q
It is made up of flat cells that lines the blood vessels.
A
Endothelium
22
Q
These are exocrine glands producing mucus.
A
Mucous Glands
23
Q
These are glands that do not have their ducts branch.
A
Simple Glands
24
Q
What are examples of simple coiled tubular glands?
A
Sweat glands
25
Elaborate the functions of Epithelial Tissue
1. Lining and covering of internal and external surfaces
2. Protection against abrasion and injury
3. Absorption of materials
4. Transportation of materials
5. Gas exchange
6. Secretion
7. Lubrication
26
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of Loop of Henle
Simple Squamous
27
What are the main functions of a connective tissue?
Support and protection of tissues/organs
28
It functions in the synthesis and secretion of specialized products.
Secretory Epithelia and Glands
29
A thin meshwork of type IV collagen and laminin produced by the epithelial cells.
Basal Lamina
30
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Urinary Bladder
Transitional
31
How can we describe the cells of nervous tissue?
Elongated with extremely fine processes
32
How can we describe epithelial cells?
Aggregated, polyhedral cells
33
What are examples of simple branched tubular glands?
Glands in the uterus and stomach
34
These are glands that have their ducts branch.
Compound Glands
35
It is a tissue in which cells are bound tightly together to form a sheet-like or tubular structure.
Epithelial Tissue
36
What are the main functions of muscle tissue?
Strong contraction and body movements
37
Why do serous glands stain darkly with H&E?
Because of its RER and secretory granules.
38
These are small membrane proteins that increases epithelial cell's apical surface area for absorption.
Microvilli
39
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of Kidney Tubules
Simple Cuboidal
40
What are the apical structures found on epithelial cells?
Microvilli, Stereocillia, and Cilia
41
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Glomerular Capsule
Simple Squamous
42
Elaborate the different classes of Simple Glands
1. Simple Tubular
2. Simple Branched Tubular
3. Simple Coiled Tubular
4. Simple Acinar
5. Simple Branched Acinar
43
It secretes mucus and creates a layer of protection.
Goblet Cells
44
It seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling the passage of molecules between them, and separates the apical and basolateral membrane domains.
Occluding or Tight Junctions
45
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Ducts of Sweat Glands
Stratified Cuboidal
46
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Vagina
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
47
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Anal Canal
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
48
What are the functions of the basement membrane?
- Attach the epithelia to the connective tissue
- Regulate (filter) substances
- Provides a guide or scaffold during tissue generation
- Compartmentalize epithelial cells
49
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Fallopian Tube
Ciliated Simple Columnar
50
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Small Intestine
Simple Columnar
51
How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in nervous tissue?
Very small
52
It has an elongated secretory portion, and its duct is usually short or absent.
Simple Tubular
53
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Bowman's Capsule
Simple Squamous
54
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Bronchi
Pseudostratified Columnar
55
It involves the loss of membrane-enclosed apical cytoplasm.
Apocrine Secretion
56
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Endothelium
Simple Squamous
57
It has ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts.
Compound Tubuloacinar
58
Give an example of Holocrine secretion
Sebaceous glands
59
Basket cells, to remodel scars in the skin.
Myoepithelium
60
What are the two parts of the basement membrane?
Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina
61
What is the main function of the nervous tissue?
Transmission of nerve impulses
62
It is a 6 protein-subunit that makes up the connexons.
Connexins
63
These are glands that lack ducts.
Endocrine Glands
64
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Esophagus
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
65
How are the secretions of endocrine glands carried and transported?
Via the interstitial fluid and blood
66
How many microtubules does an axoneme have?
11
67
What are the transmembrane link proteins found in adherent junctions?
E-cadherin and catenin complex
68
What are the 5 types of Junctional Complexes?
1. Occluding or Tight Junctions
2. Adherent Junctions
3. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens
4. Hemidesmosomes
5. Gap or Communicating Junctions
69
What are examples of simple tubular glands?
- Mucous glands of the colon
- Intestinal glands or crypts
70
What are the 3 Modes of Secretion by glands?
- Merocrine
- Holocrine
- Apocrine
71
It anchors the cytoskeleton to the basal lamina.
Hemidesmosomes
72
What are examples of compound acinar glands?
Exocrine Pancreas
73
It has a rounded, saclike secretory portion.
Simple Acinar
74
What are examples of compound tubuloacinar glands?
Salivary glands
75
What are the transmembrane link proteins found in desmosomes?
Cadherin Family (desmogleins, and desmocollin)
76
Transitional Epithelium or Urothelium is under _________.
Stratified Epithelium
77
Classification of Epithelia Based on Cell Shape
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
78
A serous lining of cavities such as pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.
Mesothelium
79
How can we describe the cells of muscle tissue?
Elongated contractile
80
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Cervix
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
81
It faces the connective tissue and basement membrane.
Basal Pole
82
It allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another.
Gap or Communicating Junctions
83
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Mouth
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
84
It is the lining of the uterus.
Endometrium
85
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Mesothelium
Simple Squamous
86
What are the transmembrane link proteins found in hemidesmosomes?
Integrins
87
Classification of Epithelia Based on Function (functional epithelium)
- Mesothelium
- Endothelium
- Myoepithelium
- Endometrium
- Germinal Epithelium
- Glandular Epithelium
88
Together, the _______ and ________ attach the epithelia to the connective tissue.
Basal and Reticular Lamina
89
It is responsible for the movement of cilia.
Axoneme
90
What are examples of simple acinar glands?
Small mucous glands along the urethra
91
It functions in secretions.
Glandular Epithelium
92
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Thyroid
Simple Cuboidal
93
How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in connective tissue?
Abundant
94
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of the Stomach
Simple Columnar
95
All the substances that enter or leave an organ must cross this type of tissue.
Epithelial Tissue
96
What are the transmembrane link proteins found in tight junctions?
Occludins, claudins, and ZO proteins
97
Classification of Epithelia Based on the Number of Cell Layers
- Simple Epithelium
- Stratified Epithelium
98
Give an example of Apocrine secretion
Mammary glands
99
Pseudostratified Epithelium is under _________.
Simple Epithelium
100
Classification of Epithelia Based on the Surface Modification of the Cell
- Ciliated
- Keratinized/Non-Keratinized
101
It has several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts.
Compound Tubular
102
A tall and rectangular shape of the cell
Columnar
103
It contains type III collagen and anchoring fibers of type VII collagen.
Reticular Lamina
104
Oligosaccharide components of mucus stain poorly with _________.
routine dyes
105
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Male Urethra
Stratified Columnar
106
A flat-shaped cell
Squamous
107
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Gallbladder
Non-ciliated Simple Columnar
108
It has multiple saclike secretory portions entering the same duct.
Simple Branched Acinar
109
It provides points linking the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells, and strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junction.
Adherent Junction
110
What are examples of compound tubular glands?
Submucosal mucous glands in the duodenum
111
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Alveoli
Simple Squamous
112
Which Type of Epithelium?
- Ducts of Glands
Simple Cuboidal
113
How can we describe the cells of connective tissue?
Fixed and wandering
114
These are exocrine glands producing largely enzymes (proteins).
Serous Glands
115
It has several saclike secretory units with small ducts converge at a larger duct.
Compound Acinar
116
It is a thin extracellular layer of specialized proteins, which also acts as a semipermeable filter for substances reaching epithelial cells from below.
Basement Membrane
117
What are examples of simple branched acinar glands?
Sebaceous glands
118
It is produced by the disintegration of the secretory cells themselves as they complete their terminal differentiation, which involves becoming filled with the product.
Holocrine Secretion
119
Its secretory portion is very long and coiled.
Simple Coiled Tubular
120
These are long microvilli with specialized mechanosensory function, which also increases surface area for absorption; longer and less motile with distal branches.
Stereocillia
121
It provides points of strong intermediate filaments coupling between adjacent cells, which strengthens the tissue.
Desmosomes
