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Human Histology > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

It is characterized by the ability to contract or move upon stimulation.

A

Muscle Tissue

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2
Q

Muscle tissue is characterized by the ability to ________ or move upon stimulation.

A

contract

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3
Q

Muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells that optimize the universal property of ___________.

A

contractility

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4
Q

The muscle cells are of ____ origin.

A

mesodermal

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5
Q

Muscle cells differentiate by a gradual process of ________.

A

cell lengthening

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6
Q

Muscle cells differentiate by a gradual process of cell lengthening and abundant synthesis of __________.

A

myofibrilar proteins (actin and myosin)

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7
Q

Two contractile proteins

A

Actin and Myosin

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8
Q

Movement is generated through the interaction of _________.

A

Actin and Myosin

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9
Q

It is the cytoplasm of the muscle cells.

A

Sarcoplasm

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10
Q

It is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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11
Q

It is the cell membrane and external lamina of the muscle.

A

Sarcolemma

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12
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Multi-nucleated cells

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Skeletal muscle LACK cross-striations.

A

False

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14
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Quick, forceful, voluntary contractions

A

Skeletal Muscle

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15
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Branched cells bound to one another

A

Cardiac Muscle

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16
Q

Which structure is responsible for joining two structures together in a cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs

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17
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Involuntary, vigorous, and rhytmic contractions

A

Cardiac Muscle

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18
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Fusiform cells with no striations

A

Smooth Muscle

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19
Q

Which Muscle Type?

Slow, involuntary contractions

A

Smooth Muscle

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20
Q

Other names for skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary or Striated Muscle

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21
Q

Which is responsible for the striations of skeletal muscle?

A

Actin and Myosin

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22
Q

It is responsible for the movement of skeleton.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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23
Q

It is responsible for the movement of organs such as the globe of the eyes, and tongue.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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24
Q

It consists of muscle fibers, which are long, cylindrical, and multi-nucleated cells.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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25
Q

Diameter of skeletal muscle

A

10 - 100 um

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26
Q

During ________, mesenchymal myoblasts fuse, forming myotubes with many nuclei.

A

embryonic muscle development

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27
Q

During embryonic muscle development, ________________ fuse, forming myotubes with many nuclei.

A

mesenchymal myoblasts

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28
Q

During embryonic muscle development, mesenchymal myoblasts fuse, forming ________ with many nuclei.

A

myotubes

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29
Q

They proliferate and produce new muscle fibers following muscle injury.

A

Satellite Cells

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30
Q

They also originated from myoblasts, but failed to differentiate nor fuse.

A

Satellite Cells

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31
Q

Which type of tissue is present in all types of muscle?

A

Connective Tissue

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32
Q

The layers of connective tissue is seen well in ___________.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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33
Q

An external sheath of dense irregular connective tissue, which surrounds the entire muscle.

A

Epimysium

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34
Q

Which kind of connective tissue is present in the Epimysium?

A

Dense Irregular

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
The epimysium carries large nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

A

True

36
Q

A layer of thin connective tissue that immediately surrounds each bundle of muscle fibers (fasicle).

A

Perimysium

37
Q

The nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics penetrate the ____ to supply nutrient to each fasicle.

A

Perimysium

38
Q

Which type of connective tissue is present in the Perimysium?

A

Thin Connective Tissue

39
Q

It contains a delicate layer of reticular fibers surrounding the external lamina of individual muscle fibers.

A

Endomysium

40
Q

Which type of connective tissue is present in the Endomysium?

A

Reticular Fibers (tissue)

41
Q

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue overlying the epimysium.

A

Deep Fascia

42
Q

Which type of connective tissue is present in the Deep Fascia?

A

Dense Irregular

43
Q

All of the interstitial tissue are met (joined) by ________.

A

Myotendinous junctions

44
Q

Dark bands are called _______.

A

A or Anisotrophic Bands

45
Q

Light bands are called _______.

A

I or Isotrophic Bands

46
Q

________ is highly organized, containing primarily long cylindrical filament bundles called myofibrils.

A

Sarcoplasm

47
Q

Sarcoplasm is highly organized, containing primarily long cylindrical filament bundles called _________.

A

myofibrils

48
Q

Which band is bisected by a Z disc?

A

Isotrophic Band

49
Q

It bisects the isotrophic band.

A

Z Discs

50
Q

The repetitive functional (structural) unit of striated muscle.

A

Sarcomere

51
Q

________ extends from Z disc to another Z disc.

A

Sarcomere

52
Q

It transmits mechanical process along the interstitial connective tissue.

A

Collagen

53
Q

Components of Thick Filaments

A

Myosin

54
Q

Thick filaments are found on the ________.

A

A band

55
Q

Components of Thin Filaments

A
  • F-actin
  • Troponin
  • Tropomyosin
56
Q

Thin filaments are found on the ________.

A

I band

57
Q

Two Regulatory Proteins

A

Troponin and Tropomyosin

58
Q

What are the 3 subunits of Troponin?

A
  • Trop I (TnI)
  • Trop C (TnC)
  • Trop T (TnT)
59
Q

A subunit that regulates actin-myosin interaction.

A

Trop I (TnI)

60
Q

A subunit that binds calcium.

A

Trop C (TnC)

61
Q

A subunit that attaches to tropomyosin.

A

Trop T (TnT)

62
Q

It contains the binding site for myosin.

A

G-actin

63
Q

When myosin heads bind to g-actin, it forms __________.

A

transcient cross bridges

64
Q

____ catalyzes energy release when myosin head binds to g-actin.

A

ATP

65
Q

_____ consists of the portion of the thin filaments which do not overlap the thick filaments in the other band.

A

I bands

66
Q

_____ contain both thick filaments and overlapping portions of thin filaments.

A

A bands

67
Q

Why are A bands darker?

A

Because they contain both thick filaments and overlapping portions of thin filaments.

68
Q

It binds thin filaments anchored to Z discs.

A

Alpha-actinin

69
Q

It binds thick filaments anchored to Z discs.

A

Titin

70
Q

The largest protein in our body which has a scaffholding and elastic properties.

A

Titin

71
Q

The lighter zone located in the center of each A band or sarcomere.

A

H zone

72
Q

It bisects the H zone.

A

M line

73
Q

M line contains ______.

A

Myomesin

74
Q

A myosin-binding protein

A

Myomesin

75
Q

It holds the thick filaments in place.

A

Myomesin

76
Q

Myomesin contains the enzyme _______.

A

creatine kinase

77
Q

It catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups.

A

Creatine Kinase

78
Q

A storage for high-energy phosphate, which can be transferred to ADP when ATP is utilized.

A

Phospho-creatine

79
Q

The soul for muscle contraction.

A

ATP

80
Q

It functions in Ca2+ sequestration during muscle contraction.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

81
Q

They trigger the release of Ca ions.

A

Triad - Transverse Tubules (T-tubules) and Terminal Cisternae

82
Q

Long, fingerlike invaginations of the cell membrane encircling each myofibril near the aligned A- and I-band

A

Transverse Tubules

83
Q

These are expanded structures adjacent to each T-tubule.

A

Terminal Cisternae

Human Histology (8 decks)

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