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Flashcards in Equations and Fun Facts Deck (15)
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1
Q

Maximum heart rate

A

220-age

2
Q

Target blood pressure for hypertensive patients

A

135/85 unless they have renal disease or diabetes in which 130/80 is the goal

3
Q

lung cancer associated with pancoast tumors

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

4
Q

3 procedures you should obtain a CXR after

A
  1. transthoracic needle aspiration
  2. thorancentesis
  3. central line placement

Due to risk of pneumothorax

5
Q

Acute respiratory failure definition

A

Hypoxia: PaO2 less than 60 mmHg and PaCO2 greater than 50 mmHg
Hypercapnia: partial pressure of CO2 greater than 50 mmHg

6
Q

Ventilation vs oxygenation

A

Ventilation=PaCO2
To decrease PaCO2 one must increase RR or increase tidal volume

Oxygenation=O2 saturation and PaO2
To decrease PaO2 in ventilated patient one must decrease FiO2 or decrease PEEP

7
Q

Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

A

Low PaO2 with normal or low PaCO2
O2 is less than 90% despite FiO2 greater than .6

Causes: ARDS, pneumonia, pulmonary edema
V/Q mismatch-responsive to O2
intrapulmonary shunting-atelectasis or fluid buildup in alveoli
not responsive to supplemental O2

8
Q

Hypercarbic respiratory failure

A

High PaCO2
Due to decreased minute ventilation or increase in physiological dead space

Causes: COPD, asthma, CF, severe bronchitis
CNS depression, neuromuscular diseases, respiratory fatigue
DKA, Sepsis and hyperthermia-increased CO2 production

9
Q

Indications for mechanical ventilation

A

Significant respiratory distress high RR or respiratory arrest
Impaired or reduced level of consciousness with absent gag or cough reflex
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory muscle fatigue
Significant hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 70)
Or hypercapnia (PaCO2 greater than 50)
Respiratory acidosis: ph less than 7.2 with hypercapnia

10
Q

Parameters of ventilation

A

Minute Ventilation: 10-12 breaths per minute
FiO2: start at 100% quickly titrate down to maintain PaO2 of 50-60 or O2 saturation greater than 90% (can add PEEP or CPAP to reduce FiO2) less than 60% is safe
I:E ratio: 1:2 is normally used
PEEP: 2.5 cm to 10 cm H2O is the appropiate initial seeting

11
Q

Amount of time you must be abstinent from alcohol to receive liver transplantation in cirrhosis

A

6 months

12
Q

green/yellow vs. brown vs black gallstones

A

yellow/green: (cholesterol stones)obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, multiple pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, chron’s disease, ileal resection, advanced age, native americans, cirrhosis, cystic firbrosis

Brown: biliary tract infection

Black: hemolysis or alcoholic cirrhosis

13
Q

Calculation of maintenance fluids

A

100/50/20 rule
100 for first 10 kg, 50 for second 10 kg, 20 for each 10 kg after that, divided by 24
70 kg man=100x10=1,000, 50 x 10=500, 20 x50=1,000
2,500=total/24=104 ml/hr

OR

4/2/1 rule
4 ml for first 10 kg, 2 for second 10 and 1 for each kg over 20
70 kg=40+20+50=110 ml/hr

14
Q

ionized calcium equation

A

total calcium-(serum albumin x.8)

15
Q

LDL cholesterol equation

A

Total cholesterol-HDL-TG/5