Equine

Question 1

what type of fundus do equines have?

Answer 1

paurangiotic

Question 2

whqt is performed in neurophthalmic exam?

Answer 2

palpebral reflex
PLR
dazzle reflex
menace

Question 3

what can you motor block for an exam?

Answer 3

auriculopalpebral nerve
palpebral nerve

Question 4

what is normal tonometry?

Answer 4

15-30 mmHg

Question 5

what are common indications of nasolacrimal duct flush?

Answer 5

jones test negative and epiphora without other causes
purulent or hemorrhagic punctal discharge

Question 6

what is usually the type of nasolacrimal atresia?

Answer 6

imperforate punctum
nasal > eyelid

Question 7

what carries a poorer prognosis with orbital fractures?

Answer 7

epistaxis

Question 8

what parasites can affect the eyelids of horses?

Answer 8

Habronema spp: summer sores
Demodex

Question 9

what is the most common neoplasm of the eye and adnexa?

Answer 9

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 10

what are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

UV exposure
lack of pigmentation
age
genetics

Question 11

what type of tumor are periocular sarcoids?

Answer 11

fibroblastic tumor

Question 12

what are signs of CN VII paralysis?

Answer 12

decreased palpebral, ptosis
KCS
corneal ulceration

Question 13

what is treatment for a simple ulcer?

Answer 13

antibiotic ointment TID
atropine
oral pain management
eye protection

Question 14

what does atropine help with for uveitis?

Answer 14

mydriasis
cyclplegia
stabilizes blood-aqueous barrier

Question 15

what are common indications for subpalpebral lavage?

Answer 15

complicated ulcers
stromal abscesses
uveitis
post-op

Question 16

what medications can penetrate an intact epithelium?

Answer 16

fluoroquinolones
voriconazole
itraconazole + DMSO
miconazole

Question 17

when does a corneal laceration carry a poorer prognosis?

Answer 17

> 15mm long
significant hyphema
crosses limbus into sclera

Question 18

how is immune-mediated keratitis treated?

Answer 18

topical immunosuppressives

Question 19

where can hemangiosarcoma be?

Answer 19

lateral limbus or third eyelid

Question 20

is immune-mediated uveitis usually unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 20

bilateral

Question 21

what is surgical management of equine recurrent uveitis?

Answer 21

suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant

Question 22

what can you use for chemical restraint in equines?

Answer 22

xylazine
detomidine and butorphanol
acepromazine

Question 23

what block can you use to sensory block the upper eyelid?

Answer 23

supraorbital/frontal block

Question 24

what affects tonometry?

Answer 24

sedation
palpebral block
head height

Question 25

what would cause an acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

Answer 25

dacryocystitis foreign bodies sinonasal disease

Question 26

why might you perform a retrobulbar block?

Answer 26

enucleation third eyelid removal corneal surgeries

Question 27

what are acute signs of blunt ocular trauma?

Answer 27

corneal edema corneal ulcer hyphema fibrin in anterior chamber corpora nigra avulsion lens luxation retinal detachment

Question 28

when might entropion be seen in an equid?

Answer 28

maladjusted foals poor lid laceration repair

Question 29

where might Habronema spp be seen?

Answer 29

wounds mucocutaneous junctions

Question 30

where can squamous cell carcinoma be?

Answer 30

third eyelid limbus: conjunctiva, cornea eyelids orbital extension

Question 31

what genetic mutation predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 31

DDB2 mutation haflinger, belgian

Question 32

what does biopsy-induced trauma cause with periocular sarcoids?

Answer 32

proliferation

Question 33

which horses are predisposed to eyelid melanoma?

Answer 33

grey, white horses

Question 34

what sign is common in equids with horners?

Answer 34

ptosis

Question 35

how long does a simple corneal ulcer usually take to heal?

Answer 35

one week

Question 36

what bacteria commonly grow from a corneal culture?

Answer 36

Pseudomonas Streptococcus Staphylococcus

Question 37

what fungi commonly grow from a corneal culture?

Answer 37

Aspergillus Fusarium

Question 38

what is typical treatment for a complicateed ulcer?

Answer 38

topical antibiotics q1-2hr topical antifungals q4-6hr serum q1-2hr atropine q8-12hr to effect pain medications/anti-inflammatories

Question 39

what are the challenges of medicating?

Answer 39

learned aversion strong orbicularis oculi avoid damaging fragile eye cases where ointments contraindicated

Question 40

what are risk factors for fungal keratitis?

Answer 40

topical steroids or antibiotics

Question 41

what is immune-mediated keratitis usually like?

Answer 41

non-ulcerated and non-painful

Question 42

what do you need to do if you see uveitis?

Answer 42

rule out corneal disease first

Question 43

which breeds commonly get equine recurrent uveitis?

Answer 43

appaloosa warmbloods drafts

Question 44

what percentage cases of equine recurrent uveitis go blind?

Answer 44

47%