Ocular Exam Part II

Question 1

what are some indications for tear testing?

Answer 1

mucoid discharge
recurrent ulcers
corneal pigmentation. vascularization, etc
unexplained blinking, squinting

Question 2

what does schirmer tear testing measure?

Answer 2

production of aqueous component of tears

Question 3

what can changes in pupil size be due to?

Answer 3

ocular disease
neurologic disease
medications
normal aging

Question 4

what is miosis?

Answer 4

small pupil

Question 5

what two primary stains are used for corneal staining usually?

Answer 5

fluorescein
rose bengal

Question 6

what are some indications for corneal staining?

Answer 6

squinting, blinking
discharge
red eye
abnormal appearance to cornea

Question 7

what should you use to examine for fluorescein staining?

Answer 7

cobalt blue filter
can also use woods lamp

Question 8

what will fluoroscein not stain?

Answer 8

descemet’s membrane
epithelium
edematous tissue
melting tissue

Question 9

how much should intra-ocular pressure differ between eyes?

Answer 9

no more than 6 mmHg

Question 10

how long does tropicamide take to maximum effect?

Answer 10

30 minutes

Question 11

how do anterior opacities move?

Answer 11

same direction as eye movement

Question 12

what makes up the fundus?

Answer 12

retina
optic disc/optic nerve head

Question 13

what are the pros of direct ophthalmoscopy?

Answer 13

easier image, upright
more magnification
equipment readily available

Question 14

how quickly can elevated intraocular pressure cause irreversible blindness?

Answer 14

30 mins

Question 15

which breeds are predisposed to glaucoma?

Answer 15

cocker
basset
husky
boston
chow

Question 16

what is a contraindication for tear testing?

Answer 16

deep ulcers

Question 17

when should tear testing be done?

Answer 17

before anything else is put in eye

Question 18

what affects tear production?

Answer 18

topical anesthetic
general anesthesia or sedation
pain, contact with eyes
other drugs

Question 19

does normal schirmer tear testing rule out all forms of KCS?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what are options for topical anesthetics?

Answer 20

proparacaine
tetracaine
lidocaine: more toxic

Question 21

what can changes in pupil size be due to?

Answer 21

ocular disease
neurologic disease
medications
normal aging

Question 22

what is dyscoria?

Answer 22

abnormally sized pupil

Question 23

what can mydriasis be due to?

Answer 23

decreased vision and/or increased IOP
PRA, retinal detachment, SARDS
glaucoma
anxiety

Question 24

can dazzle reflex be altered by inability to blink?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

can you have a dazzle and be blind?

Answer 25

yes not dependent on higher brain centers

Question 26

when might PLR be absent or decreased in a visual eye?

Answer 26

synechiae iris atrophy/age fear drugs

Question 27

what can corneal staining provide?

Answer 27

assess corneal defects information on tear film stability

Question 28

what does flare indicate?

Answer 28

something in aqueous humor that shouldn't be there protein, lipids, blood, cells

Question 29

what value of IOP would be high in a dog or cat?

Answer 29

>24 mmHg

Question 30

what can you use to dilate eyes?

Answer 30

tropicamide atropine cyclopentolate, scopolamine