Equine diagnostic imaging

Question 1

What view is best for pedal bone disaese

Answer 1

Dorsoproximo palmarodixal oblique (peddal)

Question 2

What is the Dorsoproximo palmarodixal oblique (pedal) bone good and bar for

Answer 2

GOod for pedal bone disease
Bad for navicular bone, distal interphalangeal joints

Question 3

What views are good for the navicular bone

Answer 3

Dorsoproximo palmarodistal oblique (navicular) = centred higher

Best view is palmaroproximal parmarodistal oblique

Question 4

Which view allows you to see the navicular bone alone

Answer 4

Palmaroproximal palmarodistal oblique

Question 5

What does the palmaroproximal palmarodistal oblique allow you to see

Answer 5

Navicular bone

Question 6

With oblique views what do we get a good image of in relation to the name

Answer 6

The thinsg NOT in the name; best image of things on the outside of the image

Question 7

What does a lateromedial view of the stifle show well

Answer 7

Patella margins, lateral trochlear ridge

Question 8

What is the most common angular limb defomity in a foal

Answer 8

Carpal valgus

Question 9

Surgical traetment options for angular limb deformities

Answer 9

Periosteal stripping to cause growth acceleration on that side of the bone

Transphyseal briding on one side to stop growth from this part of growth plate

Correctiv ostectomy and reconstruction

Question 10

What can we use to treat tendon contracture

Answer 10

Limited exercise to help resolve
Splits/casts
Can use large IV oxytetracycline doses to relax the tendons

Question 11

What flexural deformity is common in premature/dysmature foals

Answer 11

Hyperextension

Question 12

HOw can we ease DDFT tension in acquired contracture

Answer 12

Elevte the heal

Question 13

Treatment for physitis

Answer 13

Rest
Nutritional balance with no grain
NSAID

Question 14

Where does osteochondrosis occur

Answer 14

At bridge between weight bearing and non-weight bearing parts i.e highly mobile joints

Question 15

What is osteochonrdrosis dissecans

Answer 15

Where cartilage or subchondral bone is loose or detaches from joint

Question 16

What are subchondral bone cysts

Answer 16

Cysts under cartilage due to infolding of weakened cartilage as part of osteochondrosis complex

Question 17

What are the risk factors for osteochondrosis

Answer 17

Young animals with rapid grwth and large body size
High energy diets, low copper
INsulin and thyroid hormone imbalances

+ trauma often involved in the formation and loosening of osteocondrosis dissecans flap

Question 18

CLinical signs of oesteochondrosis + X ray results

Answer 18

Key one = pesistent joint effusions
Variable lameness

ON X ray see subchondral bone lucencies, may see bone cysts

Question 19

What are the 3 predilection sites for osteochondrosis

Answer 19

Tarsocrural joint in tarsus (b/w tibia and tarsus)

Stifle; femoropatellar joint
Fetlock esp saggital ridge of ditsal mC/MTIII joint

Question 20

Which horses do we see stifle osteochondrosis in

Answer 20

Thoroughbreds

Question 21

Which horses tend to get subchondral bone cysts most

Answer 21

TBs at onset of training

Question 22

Treatment of subchondral bone cysts

Answer 22

NSAIDs, rest, intraarticular steroids

Lag screw placement through cyst to stimulate bone formtion

Question 23

When do we go for surgical treatment of osteochondrosis

Answer 23

if 2 out of these are met:
- Radiographic evidence
- Lamenss localised to that joint
- Joint effusion

wait until >1y/o to give time to self-rectify

Question 24

Radiographic findings with osteoarthritis

Answer 24

Narrow joint space
Subchondral bone sclerosis or lysis
Periarticular enthesophytes at attachment of tendon/lig

Question 25

What is the typical presentation of osteoarthritis

Answer 25

Older horses with high mileage
IMPROVE WITH WORK
Insidious onset

History of OCD/bone cysts or joint instability or synovial sepsis or intra-articualr fracture etc

Question 26

Where do we see osteoarthritis in racehorses

Answer 26

Fetlock (forelimbs)

Question 27

Which horses tend to get coffin joint (distal interphalangeal) osteoarthitis

Answer 27

Mature sport and leisure horses

Question 28

Where are we most likely to see osteoarhritis in heavy breeds, hungers, sport horses

Answer 28

Proximal interphalangeal joints
- Feel hard bony enlargement rather than effusion

Question 29

What is the mainstay of osteoarthritis treatment

Answer 29

• Intraarticular corticostetoids
  e.g Methylprenisolone acetate licensed but long withdrawel; more so in low motion joints where cartilage less important because has some negative cartilage effects

e.g Triamcinolone acetonide; not licensed but used more. More cartilage protective; good for high motion joints

Question 30

Salvage procedures for osteoarthritis

Answer 30

Facilitated ankylosis; for low motion joints

Arthrodesis; can be done for low or high motion joints
- Low motion ones fixed like this can have athletic jointness but if fixing hihg motion one like this just going to be a pet/for breeding

Question 31

When might we choose not to trot and block up a horse and go straight to imaging

Answer 31

Joint effusino
Soft tissue sweling