list 3 causes of colic.
- Hay of poorer quality
- Deworming
- Horses with the previous history of colic are at a greater risk
with colic, is fecal production increased or decreased?
decreased fecal production
what type of drugs predispose horses to developing them?
NSAIDS
what is the name of the primary roundworm in young horses?
Parascarus equorum
what severe consequence can roundworm infestation cause in young horses?
- Can cause obstructions or ruptures in the intestines
- Respiratory signs
- Intestinal blockage
what feeding practice predisposes horses to developing sand colic?
- Fed on the ground
- Ingest excessive amount of sand
how to we treat sand colic?
Treat with Metamucil-like products
what is an enterolith?
- Intestinal “stones”
- Magnesium ammonium phosphate concretions around a “nidus”
what breed of horses are predisposed to developing enteroliths? Do we see this in older or younger horses?
- Common in Arabians
- Seen in older horses (>10 yrs old)
what type of hay predisposes horses to developing enteroliths?
alfalfa hay
Why are horses predisposed as a species to gastric rupture?
- Associated with overconsumption of carbohydrates
- Horses cannot regurgitate or vomit
what is the purpose of abdominocentesis?
Examine abdominal fluid microscopically
what imaging modality is most useful in diagnosing the cause of colic?
abdominal ultrasound
why do we pass stomach tubes in horses?
- Horses cannot regurgitate or vomit
- This procedure can relieve gas or fluid buildup and prevent rupture
is exploratory surgery diagnostic, therapeutic, or both?
Both diagnostic and therapeutic
what is endotoxin?
The main component that is a part of gram-negative bacteria cell wall
Regarding RAO/COPD: What do those acronyms stand for? Is it an allergic or infectious disease? Does it affect large or small airways of the lung? How are affected animals commonly housed? What causes the heave line that can sometimes be seen? Is expiration or inspiration prolonged? What are two types of drugs that can be used to treat it?
RAO: (recurrent airway obstruction)
COPD: (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Allergic disease
- Small airways of the lungs
- Animals that are stabled, bedded on straw, fed hay
- Tachypnea, coughing while feeding or exercise, crackles and wheezing maybe noted
- Prolonged expiration
1. Bronchodilators
2. Corticosteroids
what is laminitis? Be able to explain the pathogenesis and the anatomy underlying the disease.
- Inflammation of the laminae
- Caused by an ischemia of the lamellar arterioles and venules due to swelling of tissue and increased pressure build up. Leads to a stagnation of blood and thromboembolism of the capillary beds of the hoof. This tissue connects the hoof wall to the bone.
what is the predisposing conditions of laminitis?
- ingestion of excess carbohydrates, lush pastures, excess exercise, and exercise in an unfit horse
- Overweight animals are at higher risk
clinical signs seen with acute laminitis
- Depression and anorexia
- Hoof will feel hot
- Increased TPR
- Altered gait and stance to relieve pain, exercise resistance
how can we treat laminitis?
- Cold packs to affected hoof, and hot packs if early in the disease
- NSAIDS for pain
- Correctly fitted heart bar shoes
what is the other name of the navicular disease?
Horse musculoskeletal disease
what is the typical signalment for navicular disease?
Degenerative dz of navicular bone and tissues surrounding it
what are the clinical signs seen with navicular disease?
Stand with feet more under the body to stand with weight forward on feet; will also stand with bedding under heels
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Basic concepts of diseases54
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Narrated Immune System37
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Bacteria & viruses31
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Diagnostic tests29
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Parasites44
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Toxic diseases & antibiotics24
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Neoplasia22
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Canine Diseases84
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Pocket pets, Rabbits, & Rodents36
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Biosecurity & Herd Health1
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