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Equine Infectious Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Viral disease of horses and other equidae. This disease can be caused by several strains but most commonly Type 1 and Type 4

A

Equine Herpesvirus Infection (Equine viral rhinopneumonitis, Equine abortion virus)

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2
Q

EHV Type 1 causes

A

Respiratory disease, abortions, and/or neurologic disease

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3
Q

EHV Type 4 causes

A

Respiratory disease especially in weanlings but can rarely cause abortions also

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4
Q

Etiology of Equine Herpesvirus Infection

A

Type 1: EHV-1
Type 2: EHV-4

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5
Q

Neurologic form of EHV type 1 is called

A

Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy

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6
Q

Respiratory form of EHV type 1 and type 4 is called

A

Rhinopneumonitis

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7
Q

Both EHV-1 and EHV-4 spread via

A

Aerosolized secretions from infected coughing horses

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8
Q

EHV-1 also transmitted by

A

Contact with aborted fetuses, fetal fluids, and placentae associated with abortions

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9
Q

Which type of EHV is reportable?

A

EHV-1

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10
Q

Symptoms of EHV

A

-Fever, serous nasal discharge, malaise, pharyngitis, cough, inappetence, secondary bacterial infections

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11
Q

Treatment for EHV

A

None, supportive care

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12
Q

Vaccination of EHV may:

A

Reduce the severity and duration of disease but will not totally prevent the disease

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13
Q

How should mares be vaccinated for prevention of abortion

A

During 5th, 6th, and 9th months of gestation using inactive EHV-1 vaccine

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14
Q

A highly contagious viral disease that spreads rapidly among naive horses

A

Equine Influenza

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15
Q

Etiology of Equine influenza

A

Viral: H3N8 orthomyxovirus, equine influenza A type 2

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16
Q

Clinical signs of Equine Influenza

A

High fever, serous nasal discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, dry/harsh cough, depression, anorexia, weakness

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17
Q

Sample needed for virus isolation and antigen detection of Equine influenza

A

Nasopharyngeal swabs

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18
Q

All horses should be vaccinated against equine influenza unless

A

They live in a closed and isolated facility

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19
Q

Etiology of Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

A

Viral: enveloped single-stranded RNA virus

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20
Q

Is EVA zoonotic and reportable?

A

Zoonotic-No
Reportable- YES

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21
Q

Transmission of EAV

A

Respiratory, venereal, and congenital routes or by indirect means

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22
Q

Reservoir for EVA

A

Carrier stallions

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23
Q

Clinical signs for EVA

A

Fever,swelling of; legs, scrotum, sheath, mammary glands, above/around eyes. Anorexia, depression, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, abortion in pregnant mares, pneumonia and death in young foals

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24
Q

The only definite means of diagnosing EVA is by

Study These Flashcards
A

laboratory testing

25
Equine strangles etiology
Streptococcus equi (gram-positive, Bhemolytic cocci)
26
An infectious, contagious disease of Equidae characterized by abscessation of the lymphoid tissue of the upper respiratory tract
Equine Strangles
27
Is equine strangles zoonotic and reportable?
Zoonotic- No Reportable- YES
28
Transmission of Equine strangles
Fomites and direct contact with infectious exudates. Vectors: flies
29
Within 24-48 hrs of initial fever spike, horse will exhibit signs of typical strangles including
Mucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, depression, submandibular lymphadenopathy
30
Diagnosis of Equine strangles is confirmed by
Bacterial culture of exudate from abscesses or nasal swab samples
31
Which vaccine provides the most protection from Equine Strangles
intranasal vaccine containing live attenuated strain of S. equi
32
Equine strangles vaccine should be given every _ months after initial 2 dose series
6
33
How does Tetanus enter the body
Through wounds, particularly puncture wounds if the wound is dirty
34
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium:
Clostridium tetani
35
Classical signs of Tetanus
progressively worsening muscular stiffness and spasms
36
Tetanus toxoid vaccine
purified, inactivated toxin
37
Tetanus antitoxin vaccine
produced by hyper immunization of donor horses with tetanus toxoid
38
How is vaccination recommended for Tetanus in all horses and ponies
On an annual basis
39
A horse disease caused by retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects
Equine infectious anemia (EIA)
40
Although most infected horses show no symptoms, of EIA
There is no cure and they remain contagious for life
41
Transmission of EIA
Blood transmission by horseflies, deer flies, or mosquitos, or by in-utero passage from mare to foal
42
Diagnosis of EIA
Coggins (AGID) and C-ELISA tests
43
Only protection of EIA is
Prevention! There is no tx, vaccine, or cure
44
EIA positive horses must be
lifelong quarantined
45
Potomac Horse Fever etiology
Neorickettsia risticii
46
Potomac horse fever is
seasonal, vaccination should be timed to precede anticipated peak during summer or fall
47
Leptospirosis clinical signs
Recurrent uveitis, late term abortion, acute renal failure
48
Rotaviral Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of
Foal diarrhea
49
Western, Eastern, Venezuelan Encephalitis (WEE,EEE,VEE) is characterized by signs of
CNS dysfunction and moderate to high mortality
50
Etiology of (WEE,EEE,VEE)
Arbovirus; Genus: Flavivirus (enveloped RNA virus)
51
The principal means of transmission and amplification of EEE is
Mosquito-avian-mosquito cycle
52
West Nile virus (WNV) etiology
Arboviruses
53
Transmission of WNV
Enzootic transmission cycle between wild birds and mosquitos
54
Prevention of WNV
Mosquito control
55
Is Equine Viral Encephalomyelitis zoonotic and reportable?
YES and YES
56
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) etiology
protozoan, Sarcocystis neurona
57
Definitive host for S neurona in the US is the
opossum
58
Transmission of EPM
horses ingest S neurona sporocysts in contaminated feed or water

Pathology & Diseases (6 decks)

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